代词：不定代词知识点综合讲解及习题专练（附答案）归纳总结
一．不定代词知识点：
（一）定义：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
（二）分类：简单不定代词和复合不定代词。
1.复合不定代词：由some，any，every，no 与one，thing，body等构成的不定代词。
e.g. something某件事
anyone任何人
everybody每个人
2.简单不定代词：all，both，none，either，neither，each，other(s)，another，much，many，few，a few，little，a little等。
（三）用法：
1. some和any的用法：
(1) some（一些）和any（任何）既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词；some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. --Are there any apples in the box?
--Yes, there are some. /No, there aren’t any.
--Is there any water in the bottle?
--Yes, there is some water. /No, there isn’t any water.
(2)注意：如果是表示委婉请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答时，用some。
e.g. --Would you like some tea?
--No, thanks. /Yes, please.
--Could you mind lending mesome books?
--Of course not.
(3)some（某一）和any（任一）修饰可数名词单数，不限制范围。
e.g. some person某个人
any day任意一天
some thing某件事
2. many，much和a lot of（= lots of）的用法：
(1)它们的意思均为“许多”，但many只可以修饰可数名词复数，much只修饰不可数名词，a lot of… （= lots of…）既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。
e.g. I have many /a lot of/lots of books.
She needs much/ a lot of/ lots of milk.
(2) too many 和too much 表示“太多的”，修饰名词，too many修饰可数名词复数；too much修饰不可数名词。
e.g. There are too many books on the table.
I ate too much milk yesterday, so I don’t feel well now.
(3)much too表示“太”，相当于副词的用法，可修饰形容词及副词，不存在many too。
e.g. Tom runs much too fast
Mary is much too beautiful.
3.few，a few与little，a little的用法辨析：
(1) few与a few是一对反义词，a few意为“几个”，表肯定；few意为“几乎没有”，表否定；均修饰可数名词复数。
(2) little与a little是一对反义词，a little意为“少许，有一些”，表肯定；little意为“几乎没有”，表否定；均修饰不可数名词。
e.g. Few people know the city.
A few people know the city.
I have a little free time.
I have little free time.
4.由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，看作单数，其谓语动词用第三人称单数。
e.g. Everyone is hungry.
There is nothing in the box.
Something is wrong with my watch.
Everybody wants to win.
5.复合不定代词若有形容词修饰，形容词要放于复合不定代词的后面；
(1)复合不定代词不与of连用;
(2) enough意为“足够的（地）”，与形容词或副词连用时，形容词或副词要放在enough的前面；若enough修饰名词，enough要放在名词之前。
e.g. I like anything good.
She has something to say.
There is something special in this place.
I don’t like anything sweet.
There is enough water in the bottle.
The book is good enough to read.
Tom answered the question quickly enough.
6.简单不定代词all，both，none，either，neither，each，every的用法辨析：
(1)若范围是两者，都选用both；选一者用either；都不选用neither。
e.g. Many people stand both sides of the street.
Trees are planted on either side of the street.
I don’t like neither of the two books.
(2)如若范围是三者或三者以上，都选用all；选一者用each或every；都不选用none。
e.g. None of teachers go to the school today.
Each of them is outgoing.
All toys are in the box.
(3)固定搭配：
②either…or…，意为“要么……要么……”
③neither…nor…，意为“既不……也不……”
注意：①连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式；单独的both作主语也看作复数。
②与③连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理，“近”指的是离谓语动词近的那个部分。如果离谓语部分近的主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果离谓语部分近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
e.g. Either you or Tom plays the role.
Neither Tom nor I am not students.
Both Tom and you are good students.
Both are apples.
(4)简单不定代词可以与of连用。
e.g. None of students are in the classroom because today is Sunday.
Each of farmer there is friendly.
(5) each相当于形容词和名词的用法，但every只能用作形容词。
e.g. each apple = every apple = each
each of students
(6) each…and each…（每个……和每个……），every…and every…（每个……和每个……），no…and no…（没有……和没有……）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. Each boy and each girl is congratulated.
Every desk and every chair should put into good use.
No teacher and no student was present.
7.other，the other，others，the others 及another的用法及其区别：
(1) another 和the other的用法辨析：
①两者均有“另一个的”的意思，相当于形容词的用法，修饰可数名词单数；
②another指多个中的“另一个”；
③the other则指两个中的“另一个”，常与one构成固定one ... the other ...，意为“一个……另一个……”。
e.g. The shoes don’t fit me. Would you please show me another pair?
My sister has two skirts. One is yellow, and the other is black.
(2) others和 the others的用法辨析:
①others与the others均含有“其他一些”的意思，相当于名词的用法，后面不能再接名词；
②others （=other+复数名词）泛指多部分中的一部分，可与some构成固定结构some ... others ...，意为 “一些……一些……”；
③the others（=the other+复数名词）则特指剩余的一部分。
e.g. Some like fruit and vegetables, and others like junk food.
Two of you can go to the lab with me,and the others will have to stay in the classroom.
二．习题专练及参考答案：
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