上句见：Day59
《哲学的故事》的第60句：第1章Plato《柏拉图》第1节The Context of Plato第2段第3句：

Look again at the map, and you see countless indentati ons of coast and elevations of lands; everywhere gulfs and bays and the intrusive sea; and all the earth tumbled and tossed into mountains and hills. Greece was broken into isolated fragments by these natural barriers of sea and soil; travel and communication were far more difficult and dangerous then than now; every valley therefore developed its own self-sufficient economic life, its own sovereign government, its own institutions and dialect and religion and culture. In each case one or two cities, and around them, stretching up the mountainslopes, an agricultural hinterland: such were the “city-states” of Eubœa, and Locris, and Ætolia, and Phocis, and Bœotia, and Achæa, and Argolis, and Elis, and Arcadia, and Messenia, and Laconia—with its Sparta, and Attica—with its Athens.
浙江大学版本：各流域都有一两个城镇在它们周边那大片沿山势伸展的农业腹地之上建立“城邦国家”：爱维亚、罗克里斯、埃托利亚、福基斯、比奥提亚、阿哈伊亚、奥尔格里斯、伊利斯、阿卡迪亚、麦西尼亚和拉科尼亚一以斯巴达为中心，还有阿提卡—以雅典为中心。

解析

这句讲的就是古希腊的基本政治单位：城邦制。
1、In each case one or two cities, and around them, stretching up the mountainslopes, an agricultural hinterland: …’城邦的特点是一般由一个或两个城市及其周边向山坡伸入的农业腹地组成。
mountainslopes： 山坡
With nothing to cling to, the thin red soil has washed down the mountain slopes into the Betsiboka River, choking its mouth completely.沒有任何东西可以依附，薄薄的红土从山坡上冲下，流入別西博卡河，完全堵住了河口。
hinterland：an area that is not close to any cities or towns : a remote region腹地，内地
Godrej is pushing even deeper into the hinterland, trying to reach villages with as few as 5,000 people.戈德尔正努力将生意扩展到那些只有5000人小村子的穷乡僻壤去。

2、’...such were the “city-states” of Eubœa, and Locris, and Ætolia, and Phocis, and Bœotia, and Achæa, and Argolis, and Elis, and Arcadia, and Messenia, and Laconia—with its Sparta, and Attica—with its Athens.'古希腊有名的城邦。
“city-states”：城邦
Eubœa：(希腊东部的)埃维厄岛，它是希腊的第二大岛，仅次于克里特岛。它位于爱琴海中部，与西北的一些小岛一起组成了埃维亚州。州首府是卡尔基斯。
Locris： 洛克里斯（古希腊地名）位于希腊北部的一个地区，它在历史上以食盐产地而闻名，特别是在伯罗奔尼撒战争期间，由于食盐的重要性，洛克里斯成为了各城邦争夺的焦点。
Ætolia： 埃托利亚(希腊中部一古老地区, 位於科林斯湾及卡莱敦(佩特雷)的北部。公元前 290年埃托利亚联盟成立以后, 埃托利亚在希腊历史上具有重大意义。此军事联盟在3世紀被亚加亚人打败)
Phocis： 福基斯（希腊中部古地区）
**Bœotia： 维奥蒂亚州A district of ancient Greece proverbial for the stupidity of its inhabitants: hence
**Achæa： 阿哈伊亚州（希腊语：Αχαΐα、）是希腊西希腊大区的一個州，位於伯罗奔尼撒半岛的西北部，西北临帕特雷湾，东北临科林西亚湾。面积3,271.507平方公里。首府帕特雷。
**Argolis： 阿而戈利斯(希腊南部的一個古代地区, 位於伯罗奔尼撒東北部, 由阿而戈斯城统治治)
**Elis： 伊利斯（古希腊城邦）
**Arcadia： an imaginary place where people have a simple pleasant life in the countryside世外桃源；阿卡狄亚（古希腊一山区，人情淳樸，生活愉快）
literary an area in the country where people have a pleasant simple life. Arcadia was first used in ancient Greek and Latin poetry as the name of a beautiful area of countryside in ancient Greece.
Messenia：麦西尼亚州（希腊語：Μεσσηνία）是希腊伯罗奔尼撒大區的一個州，位於伯罗奔尼撒半岛西南部，西为爱奧尼亚海，东南为麦西尼亚湾为麦西尼亚湾。面积2,991平方公里。首府卡拉马塔。
Laconia：拉哥尼亚(古希腊南部的一王国,位於伯罗奔尼撒半岛东南部)
Sparta：斯巴达(古希腊军事重镇)capital of Laconia in ancient Greece, famed for severity of its social order, the frugality of its people, the valor of its arms, and the brevity of its speech.
Attica：traditionally explained as from Greek Attikos (Latin Atticus) "of Athens" (see Athens); but perhaps ultimately from Greek akte"shore, maritime place," also "raised place."阿提卡(古代希腊中东部一地区)
Athens：雅典(希腊首都)
Laconia—with its Sparta：斯巴达300勇士
Attica—with its Athens.：站在高山上的城（Attica）雅典

每个城邦都以一个或两个城市为中心，其周边向山坡伸入的农业腹地。有城邦的地位主要有：埃维厄岛、洛克里斯、埃托利亚、福基斯、比奥提亚、阿哈伊亚、阿而戈利斯、伊利斯、阿卡狄亚、麦西尼亚和拉哥尼亚一以斯巴达为中心，还有阿提卡—以雅典为中心。