中考易混淆词汇辨析（十三）

1. by与with, in 的辨析：

(1)介词by：

① by +doing sth. 用于回答how引导的疑问句。

e.g. How can I learn English well?

      By reading every morning.

②by+交通工具，“乘/坐……”；

e.g. by bus乘公共汽车；

③by+地点，“在……的旁边；靠近……”；

e.g. by the lake在湖边；

④by+时间，“截止到……; 不迟于……”；

e.g. by ten十点前；

⑤“被”；

e.g. The house was destroyed by fire.

⑥沿着，经由

e.g. to enter by the door 由门进去

⑦常用的短语：

by the way 顺便问一下      by accident= by chance偶然地

by mistake 错误地          one by one一个接一个   

step by step 一步一步地    little by little逐渐地

by the time 到……为止     

by oneself独自地 

shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手 

(2)with 的用法：表示用某种工具；

with +工具；   

with+人体部位。

  e.g. We like to write with a pen.

            We see with our eyes.

(3)in 的用法：通常与“语言、衣着、声音、书写材料”等名称连用。

e.g. in English 用英语 

      in ink 用墨水

      speak in a loud voice大声地讲   

        in red 穿红色的衣服

2. so/ such…that 的用法辨析：

(1)“如此……以至于……” 引导的结果状语从句句型有：

①so +形容词/副词+that 从句；

②so+形容词+ a / an +单数名词+that 从句；

③such+ a / an + （形容词）+单数名词+that 从句；

④such + （形容词）+复数名词 / 不可数名词 + that从句。

e.g. She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.

        =She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.

(2)注意：当名词前有many ,much, few, little修饰时，用so而

不用such，所以有so many /few+复数名词；so much/little +不可数名词。

3.so…that….; such…that…; so/such that…; too…to…; enough… to…的辨析：

(1) so…that… 意为“如此……以至于……”; so后面接形容词或是副词，that后面接从句；

(2) such…that…. 意为“如此……以至于……”;such后面接名词，that后面接从句；

(3) so/such that… 意为“以至于，目的是” ；that后面接句子；

(4) too…to do sth. 意为“太……而不能做……”;too后面接形容词或是副词；to后面不能接句子，只能构成to do的结构；

(5) enough…to do sth. 意为“足够……而能够……”;为too…to…的反义词；

e.g. Tom is so friendly that he makes many friends.

        Mary is such a lovely girl that many people like talking with her.

        The thing is too difficult to finish on time.

        The students run fast so that they can get to school on time.

        There is enough salt to do the dinner.

4. although/though , even if /even though ,no matter+特殊疑问词=特殊疑问词+ever 引导的让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句可放在句首，也可置于句末。although= though 不能与but连用，意为“尽管，虽然”；

e.g. Although / Though his father is very old, he is quite strong.

        =His father is very old, but he is quite strong.

(2)even if =even though “即使”，也不能与but连用；

e.g. Even if you say so, I do not believe it.

(3)“特殊疑问词+ever = no matter +特殊疑问词”，意为“无论……”;

①whatever= no matter what 无论什么；

②whoever=no matter who 无论谁；

③however=no matter how无论如何；

④wherever=no matter where无论哪里；

⑤whenever=no matter when无论何时。

e.g. Wherever you go, I will go with you.

        = No matter where you go, I will go with you.