语法基础4第三节——倒装句

一、什么是倒装

例句：

① Does he speak English?

② Is this your book?

③ Have you had lunch?

这三个句子的共同点是什么？

答案是，它们都是一般疑问句。也就是在主语的前面提个be动词或助动词，就是倒装。

二、英语中常见的倒装结构

1. so... that... ，such...that...句型中，把 so 或 such 引导的部分置于句首时用倒装

举例：

① He has such an interesting book that we all want to read it.

【倒装】Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.

他那本书太有趣了，我们都想读。

② The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home．

【倒装】So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.

外面天气太冷了，我们得呆在家里。

③ I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Dayan for advice.

【倒装】So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to asked Dayan for advice.

我发现这个问题很难解决，所以我决定向大雁求助。

2. 否定词放在句首时用倒装

举例：

① 我之前从来没看过这么感人的电影。

I have never seen such a moving film before.

【倒装】Never have I seen such a moving film before.

② 我这周一本书都没读。

I have read not a single book this week.

【倒装】Not a single book have I read this week.

③ 这个解决办法不可能令所有人都满意。

This solution will by no means satisfy everyone.

【倒装】By no means will this solution satisfy everyone.

④ 他的英语不仅说得流利，而且正确。

He not only speaks English fluently but also speaks it correctly.

【倒装】Not only does he speak English fluently but also he speaks it correctly.

3. so（表肯定），nor/neither（表否定）位于句首，表明承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装

举例：

① My son likes eating vegetables, I like eating vegetables, too．

【倒装】My son likes eating vegetables, and so do I.

我儿子喜欢吃蔬菜，我也喜欢。

② Tiechui came late last night, I came late too.

【倒装】Tiechui came late last night, and so did I.

铁锤昨晚迟到了，我也迟到了。

④ I don't have classes on sundays, Tiechui doesn't have classes on Sundays either.

【倒装】I don't have classes on sundays, and neither/nor does Tiechui.

我周日没课，铁锤也没有。

4. as 引导让步状语从句的倒装

基本结构是：形容词 / 副词/ 分词 / 名词（前面不能加冠词）+ as + 状语从句

1 ）形容词放句首的倒装

举例：

① Successful as she is, she is still approachable.

【翻译】虽然她很成功，她依然平易近人。

② Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly.

【翻译】虽然他很生气，但是他讲话很平静。

2 ）副词放句首的倒装

举例：

① Hard as we tried, we can't put up that tent.

【翻译】我们试了很多次，怎么也搭不起那顶帐篷。

② Much as I love him, I can't stand the way he speaks to me.

【翻译】虽然我很爱他，但是我真的不能忍受他对我说话的方式。

3 ）名词放句首的倒装

举例：

Child as he is, he knows many social skills.

【翻译】虽然他是个孩子，但很懂人情世故。

切记名词放句首的倒装，名词前不能有冠词。即不能写成 a child 或 the child。

5. “only + 状语”位于句首时用倒装

举例：

① You can succeed only by working hard.

【倒装】Only by working hard can you succeed.

只有努力才能成功。

② One knows the value of freedom only when one loses it.

【倒装】Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

只有当一个人失去自由时才懂得它的珍贵。

③ We can solve the problem on time only in this way.

【倒装】Only in this way can we solve the problem on time.

我们只有用这种方法才能按时解决这个问题。

6. 省略 if 的虚拟语气用倒装

举例：

① 如果我是你，我绝对不会放弃她。

If I were you, I would never give her up.

【倒装】Were I you, I would never give her up.

② 如果你要远行，我就会掩上所有的窗户，世界上的风景为了所有的眼睛而生，而我只为你。

If you traveled afar， I would close all the Windows. The scenery in the world are for all eyes, but I only for you.

【倒装】Did you travel afar， I would close all the Windows.The scenery in the world are for all eyes, but I only for you.

③ 我们要是早点找到她，就能救她的命了。

If we had found her earlier, we could have saved her life.

【倒装】 Had we found her earlier, we could have saved her life.

三、倒装句的考点分析

1. 写作

举例：

① 我们组在比赛中表现得很好以得到了刘老师的表扬。

【翻译】So well did our group do in the competition that we were praised by Mrs Liu.

② 只有当疫情彻底结束时，我们才能实现真正的自由。

【翻译】Only when the pandemic is completely over will we be truly free.

③ 在任何情况下，父母都不应忽略培养孩子自信的重要性。

【翻译】Under no circumstances should parents neglect the importance of building children's confidence.

④ 只有当你取得很多的成功时，你才会变得越来越自信。

【翻译】Only when you achieve a lot of success will you become more and more confident.

⑤ 养宠物不但可以减少老人的孤单而且还可以培养孩子的耐心。

【翻译】Not only can Keeping pets reduce the loneliness of the elderly but also cultivate the patience of younger children.

2. 长难句分析

首先，需要识别倒装句：一般疑问句的语序，但后面没有问号。

其次，需要正确翻译：倒装不能直接翻译。

举例：Never will I marry you. 

不能直接译为“永远不会将要我嫁给你”。

所以，倒装句一般都要还原成正常语序后再进行翻译。

还原：I will never marry you。我永远不会嫁给你

举例：

① Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.

【翻译】汽车和电影评论员纷纷离开。科学和普通商业类报纸也未能留下。

② We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.

【翻译】我们知道，我们正在进入一个工作需求将迅速变化的时期，仍然存在的工作的要求也将迅速变化。

③ Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

【翻译】只有当失业者带着简历来到就业中心，注册在线求职，并开始寻找工作时， 他们才有资格领取救济金，然后他们应该每周而不是每两周报告一次。

④ In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, and so does conflict between races and classes.

【翻译】在《经济增长的道德意义》一书中，经济历史学家本杰明 •弗里德曼认为，无论是在美国国内还是国外，长期的经济停滞或衰退几乎总是会让社会变得更小气，更缺乏包容性，而且通常会阻止或逆转权利和自由的进步。反移民情绪通常会高涨，种族和阶级之间的冲突也会加剧。

⑤ Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.

【翻译】电视是产生和表达这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家联系在一起，其作用之大，前所未有。