工作群里的消息怕过于安静，又怕过于频繁

一、业务背景

在开发的过程中会遇到各种各样的开发问题，服务器宕机、网络抖动、代码本身的bug等等。针对代码的bug，我们可以提前预支，通过发送告警信息来警示我们去干预，尽早处理。

二、告警的方式

1、钉钉告警

通过在企业钉钉群，添加群机器人的方式，通过机器人向群内发送报警信息。至于钉钉机器人怎么创建，发送消息的api等等，请参考官方文档

2、企业微信告警

同样的套路，企业微信也是，在企业微信群中，添加群机器人。通过机器人发送告警信息。具体请看官方文档

3、邮件告警

与上述不同的是，邮件是发送给个人的，当然也可以是批量发送，只实现了发送文本格式的方式，至于markdown格式，有待考察。邮件发送相对比较简单，这里就不展开赘述。

三、源码解析

1、Alarm自定义注解

@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface Alarm {

    /**
     * 报警标题
     *
     * @return String
     */
    String title() default "";

    /**
     * 发送报警格式：目前支持text，markdown
     * @return
     */
    MessageTye messageType() default MessageTye.TEXT;

    /**
     * 告警模板id
     * @return
     */
    String templateId() default "";

    /**
     * 成功是否通知：true-通知，false-不通知
     * @return
     */
    boolean successNotice() default false;
}

1.1、注解使用

@Alarm标记在方法上使用，被标记的方法发生异常，会根据配置，读取配置信息，发送异常堆栈信息。使用方法如下所示：

@Alarm(title = "某某业务告警", messageType = MessageTye.MARKDOWN, templateId = "errorTemp")

1.2、注解字段解析

1. title

告警消息标题：可以定义为业务信息，如导师身份计算

2. messageType

告警消息展示类型：目前支持text文本类型，markdown类型

3. templateId

消息模板id：与配置文件中配置的模板id一致

4. successNotice

正常情况是否也需要发送告警信息，默认值是fasle，表示不需要发送。当然，有些业务场景正常情况也需要发送，比如：支付出单通知等。

2、配置文件分析

2.1、钉钉配置文件

spring:
  alarm:
    dingtalk:
        # 开启钉钉发送告警
      enabled: true
        # 钉钉群机器人唯一的token
      token: xxxxxx
        # 安全设置：加签的密钥
      secret: xxxxxxx

2.2、企业微信配置文件

spring:
  alarm:
    wechat:
        # 开启企业微信告警
      enabled: true
        # 企业微信群机器人唯一key
      key: xxxxxdsf
        # 被@人的手机号
      to-user: 1314243

2.3、邮件配置文件

spring:
  alarm:    
    mail:
      enabled: true
      smtpHost: [email protected]
      smtpPort: 22
      to: [email protected]
      from: [email protected]
      username: wsrf
      password: xxx

2.4、自定义模板配置

spring:
  alarm:
    template:
      # 开启通过模板配置
      enabled: true
      # 配置模板来源为文件
      source: FILE
      # 配置模板数据
      templates:
        errorTemp:
          templateId: errorTemp
          templateName: 服务异常模板
          templateContent: 这里是配置模板的内容

• spring:alarm:template:enabled，Boolean类型，表示开启告警消息使用模板发送。
• spring:alarm:template:source，模板来源，枚举类：JDBC（数据库）、FILE（配置文件）、MEMORY（内存），目前只支持FILE，其他两种可自行扩展。
• spring:alarm:template:templates，配置模板内容，是一个map，errorTemp是模板id，需要使用哪种模板，就在@Alarm中的templateId设置为对应配置文件中的templateId。

3、核心AOP分析

3.1、原理分析

3.2、自定义切面

@Aspect
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AlarmAspect {
    private final AlarmTemplateProvider alarmTemplateProvider;

    private final static String ERROR_TEMPLATE = "/n/n异常信息:/n" +
            "```java/n" +
            "#{[exception]}/n" +
            "```/n";

    private final static String TEXT_ERROR_TEMPLATE = "/n异常信息:/n" +
            "#{[exception]}";

    private final static String MARKDOWN_TITLE_TEMPLATE = "# 【#{[title]}】/n" +
            "/n请求状态：#{[state]}/n/n";

    private final static String TEXT_TITLE_TEMPLATE = "【#{[title]}】/n" +
            "请求状态：#{[state]}/n";

    @Pointcut("@annotation(alarm)")
    public void alarmPointcut(Alarm alarm) {

    }

    @Around(value = "alarmPointcut(alarm)", argNames = "joinPoint,alarm")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Alarm alarm) throws Throwable {
        Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
        if (alarm.successNotice()) {
            String templateId = alarm.templateId();
            String fileTemplateContent = "";
            if (Objects.nonNull(alarmTemplateProvider)) {
                AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = alarmTemplateProvider.loadingAlarmTemplate(templateId);
                fileTemplateContent = alarmTemplate.getTemplateContent();
            }
            String templateContent = "";
            MessageTye messageTye = alarm.messageType();
            if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.TEXT)) {
                templateContent = TEXT_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent);
            } else if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.MARKDOWN)) {
                templateContent = MARKDOWN_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent);
            }
            Map alarmParamMap = new HashMap<>();
            alarmParamMap.put("title", alarm.title());
            alarmParamMap.put("stateColor", "#45B649");
            alarmParamMap.put("state", "成功");
            sendAlarm(alarm, templateContent, alarmParamMap);
        }
        return result;
    }


    @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "alarmPointcut(alarm)", argNames = "joinPoint,alarm,e", throwing = "e")
    public void doAfterThrow(JoinPoint joinPoint, Alarm alarm, Exception e) {
        log.info("请求接口发生异常 : [{}]", e.getMessage());
        String templateId = alarm.templateId();
        // 加载模板中配置的内容，若有
        String templateContent = "";
        String fileTemplateContent = "";
        if (Objects.nonNull(alarmTemplateProvider)) {
            AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = alarmTemplateProvider.loadingAlarmTemplate(templateId);
            fileTemplateContent = alarmTemplate.getTemplateContent();
        }
        MessageTye messageTye = alarm.messageType();
        if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.TEXT)) {
            templateContent = TEXT_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent).concat(TEXT_ERROR_TEMPLATE);
        } else if (messageTye.equals(MessageTye.MARKDOWN)) {
            templateContent = MARKDOWN_TITLE_TEMPLATE.concat(fileTemplateContent).concat(ERROR_TEMPLATE);
        }
        Map alarmParamMap = new HashMap<>();
        alarmParamMap.put("title", alarm.title());
        alarmParamMap.put("stateColor", "#FF4B2B");
        alarmParamMap.put("state", "失败");
        alarmParamMap.put("exception", ExceptionUtil.stacktraceToString(e));
        sendAlarm(alarm, templateContent, alarmParamMap);
    }

    private void sendAlarm(Alarm alarm, String templateContent, Map alarmParamMap) {
        ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
        TemplateParserContext parserContext = new TemplateParserContext();
        String message = parser.parseExpression(templateContent, parserContext).getValue(alarmParamMap, String.class);
        MessageTye messageTye = alarm.messageType();
        NotifyMessage notifyMessage = new NotifyMessage();
        notifyMessage.setTitle(alarm.title());
        notifyMessage.setMessageTye(messageTye);
        notifyMessage.setMessage(message);
        AlarmFactoryExecute.execute(notifyMessage);
    }
}

4、模板提供器

4.1、AlarmTemplateProvider

定义一个抽象接口AlarmTemplateProvider，用于被具体的子类实现

public interface AlarmTemplateProvider {


    /**
     * 加载告警模板
     *
     * @param templateId 模板id
     * @return AlarmTemplate
     */
    AlarmTemplate loadingAlarmTemplate(String templateId);
}

4.2、BaseAlarmTemplateProvider

抽象类BaseAlarmTemplateProvider实现该抽象接口

public abstract class BaseAlarmTemplateProvider implements AlarmTemplateProvider {

    @Override
    public AlarmTemplate loadingAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(templateId)) {
            throw new AlarmException(400, "告警模板配置id不能为空");
        }
        return getAlarmTemplate(templateId);
    }

    /**
     * 查询告警模板
     *
     * @param templateId 模板id
     * @return AlarmTemplate
     */
    abstract AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId);
}

4.3、YamlAlarmTemplateProvider

具体实现类YamlAlarmTemplateProvider，实现从配置文件中读取模板，该类在项目启动时，会被加载进spring的bean容器

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class YamlAlarmTemplateProvider extends BaseAlarmTemplateProvider {

    private final TemplateConfig templateConfig;

    @Override
    AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
        Map configTemplates = templateConfig.getTemplates();
        AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = configTemplates.get(templateId);
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(alarmTemplate)) {
            throw new AlarmException(400, "未发现告警配置模板");
        }
        return alarmTemplate;
    }
}

4.4、MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider和JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider

抽象类BaseAlarmTemplateProvider还有其他两个子类，分别是MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider和JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider。但是这两个子类暂时还未实现逻辑，后续可以自行扩展。

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider extends BaseAlarmTemplateProvider {

    private final Function function;
    @Override
    AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
        AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = function.apply(templateId);
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(alarmTemplate)) {
            throw new AlarmException(400, "未发现告警配置模板");
        }
        return alarmTemplate;
    }
}

@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider extends BaseAlarmTemplateProvider {

    private final Function function;

    @Override
    AlarmTemplate getAlarmTemplate(String templateId) {
        AlarmTemplate alarmTemplate = function.apply(templateId);
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(alarmTemplate)) {
            throw new AlarmException(400, "未发现告警配置模板");
        }
        return alarmTemplate;
    }
}

两个类中都有Function接口，为函数式接口，可以供外部自行去实现逻辑。

5、告警发送

5.1、AlarmFactoryExecute

该类内部保存了一个容器，主要用于缓存真正的发送类

public class AlarmFactoryExecute {

    private static List serviceList = new ArrayList<>();

    public AlarmFactoryExecute(List alarmLogWarnServices) {
        serviceList = alarmLogWarnServices;
    }

    public static void addAlarmLogWarnService(AlarmWarnService alarmLogWarnService) {
        serviceList.add(alarmLogWarnService);
    }

    public static List getServiceList() {
        return serviceList;
    }

    public static void execute(NotifyMessage notifyMessage) {
        for (AlarmWarnService alarmWarnService : getServiceList()) {
            alarmWarnService.send(notifyMessage);
        }
    }
}

5.2、AlarmWarnService

抽象接口，只提供一个发送的方法

public interface AlarmWarnService {

    /**
     * 发送信息
     *
     * @param notifyMessage message
     */
    void send(NotifyMessage notifyMessage);

}

5.3、BaseWarnService

与抽象的模板提供器AlarmTemplateProvider一样的套路，该接口有一个抽象的实现类BaseWarnService,该类对外暴露send方法，用于发送消息，内部用doSendMarkdown，doSendText方法实现具体的发送逻辑，当然具体发送逻辑还是得由其子类去实现。

@Slf4j
public abstract class BaseWarnService implements AlarmWarnService {

    @Override
    public void send(NotifyMessage notifyMessage) {
        if (notifyMessage.getMessageTye().equals(MessageTye.TEXT)) {
            CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
                try {
                    doSendText(notifyMessage.getMessage());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("send text warn message error", e);
                }
            });
        } else if (notifyMessage.getMessageTye().equals(MessageTye.MARKDOWN)) {
            CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
                try {
                    doSendMarkdown(notifyMessage.getTitle(), notifyMessage.getMessage());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("send markdown warn message error", e);
                }
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送Markdown消息
     *
     * @param title   Markdown标题
     * @param message Markdown消息
     * @throws Exception 异常
     */
    protected abstract void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) throws Exception;

    /**
     * 发送文本消息
     *
     * @param message 文本消息
     * @throws Exception 异常
     */
    protected abstract void doSendText(String message) throws Exception;
}

5.4、DingTalkWarnService

主要实现了钉钉发送告警信息的逻辑

@Slf4j
public class DingTalkWarnService extends BaseWarnService {

    private static final String ROBOT_SEND_URL = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=";
    private final String token;

    private final String secret;

    public DingTalkWarnService(String token, String secret) {
        this.token = token;
        this.secret = secret;
    }

    public void sendRobotMessage(DingTalkSendRequest dingTalkSendRequest) throws Exception {
        String json = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(dingTalkSendRequest);
        String sign = getSign();
        String body = HttpRequest.post(sign).contentType(ContentType.JSON.getValue()).body(json).execute().body();
        log.info("钉钉机器人通知结果：{}", body);
    }

    /**
     * 获取签名
     *
     * @return 返回签名
     */
    private String getSign() throws Exception {
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String stringToSign = timestamp + "/n" + secret;
        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
        mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "HmacSHA256"));
        byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return ROBOT_SEND_URL + token + "×tamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(signData)), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doSendText(String message) throws Exception {
        DingTalkSendRequest param = new DingTalkSendRequest();
        param.setMsgtype(DingTalkSendMsgTypeEnum.TEXT.getType());
        param.setText(new DingTalkSendRequest.Text(message));
        sendRobotMessage(param);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) throws Exception {
        DingTalkSendRequest param = new DingTalkSendRequest();
        param.setMsgtype(DingTalkSendMsgTypeEnum.MARKDOWN.getType());
        DingTalkSendRequest.Markdown markdown = new DingTalkSendRequest.Markdown(title, message);
        param.setMarkdown(markdown);
        sendRobotMessage(param);
    }
}

5.5、WorkWeXinWarnService

主要实现了发送企业微信告警信息的逻辑

@Slf4j
public class WorkWeXinWarnService extends BaseWarnService {
    private static final String SEND_MESSAGE_URL = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=%s";
    private final String key;

    private final String toUser;

    public WorkWeXinWarnService(String key, String toUser) {
        this.key = key;
        this.toUser = toUser;
    }

    private String createPostData(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum messageTye, String contentValue) {
        WorkWeXinSendRequest wcd = new WorkWeXinSendRequest();
        wcd.setMsgtype(messageTye.getType());
        List toUsers = Arrays.asList("@all");
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(toUser)) {
            String[] split = toUser.split("//|");
            toUsers = Arrays.asList(split);
        }
        if (messageTye.equals(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.TEXT)) {
            WorkWeXinSendRequest.Text text = new WorkWeXinSendRequest.Text(contentValue, toUsers);
            wcd.setText(text);
        } else if (messageTye.equals(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.MARKDOWN)) {
            WorkWeXinSendRequest.Markdown markdown = new WorkWeXinSendRequest.Markdown(contentValue, toUsers);
            wcd.setMarkdown(markdown);
        }
        return JSONUtil.toJsonStr(wcd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doSendText(String message) {
        String data = createPostData(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.TEXT, message);
        String url = String.format(SEND_MESSAGE_URL, key);
        String resp = HttpRequest.post(url).body(data).execute().body();
        log.info("send work weixin message call [{}], param:{}, resp:{}", url, data, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) {
        String data = createPostData(WorkWeXinSendMsgTypeEnum.MARKDOWN, message);
        String url = String.format(SEND_MESSAGE_URL, key);
        String resp = HttpRequest.post(url).body(data).execute().body();
        log.info("send work weixin message call [{}], param:{}, resp:{}", url, data, resp);
    }
}

5.6、MailWarnService

主要实现邮件告警逻辑

@Slf4j
public class MailWarnService extends BaseWarnService {

    private final String smtpHost;

    private final String smtpPort;

    private final String to;

    private final String from;

    private final String username;

    private final String password;

    private Boolean ssl = true;

    private Boolean debug = false;

    public MailWarnService(String smtpHost, String smtpPort, String to, String from, String username, String password) {
        this.smtpHost = smtpHost;
        this.smtpPort = smtpPort;
        this.to = to;
        this.from = from;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public void setSsl(Boolean ssl) {
        this.ssl = ssl;
    }

    public void setDebug(Boolean debug) {
        this.debug = debug;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doSendText(String message) throws Exception {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);
        props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", smtpPort);
        props.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", true);
        Session session = Session.getInstance(props);
        session.setDebug(false);
        MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
        msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
        for (String toUser : to.split(",")) {
            msg.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(toUser));
        }
        Map map = JSONUtil.toBean(message, Map.class);
        msg.setSubject(map.get("subject"), "UTF-8");
        msg.setContent(map.get("content"), "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        msg.setSentDate(new Date());
        Transport transport = session.getTransport();
        transport.connect(username, password);
        transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());
        transport.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doSendMarkdown(String title, String message) throws Exception {
        log.warn("暂不支持发送Markdown邮件");
    }
}

6、AlarmAutoConfiguration自动装配类

运用了springboot自定义的starter，再META-INF包下的配置文件spring.factories下，配置上该类

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/
    com.seven.buttemsg.autoconfigure.AlarmAutoConfiguration

自动装配类，用于装载自定义的bean

@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class AlarmAutoConfiguration {

    // 邮件相关配置装载
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = MailConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(MailConfig.class)
    static class MailWarnServiceMethod {

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailWarnService.class)
        public MailWarnService mailWarnService(final MailConfig mailConfig) {
            MailWarnService mailWarnService = new MailWarnService(mailConfig.getSmtpHost(), mailConfig.getSmtpPort(), mailConfig.getTo(), mailConfig.getFrom(), mailConfig.getUsername(), mailConfig.getPassword());
            mailWarnService.setSsl(mailConfig.getSsl());
            mailWarnService.setDebug(mailConfig.getDebug());
            AlarmFactoryExecute.addAlarmLogWarnService(mailWarnService);
            return mailWarnService;
        }
    }

    // 企业微信相关配置装载
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = WorkWeXinConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(WorkWeXinConfig.class)
    static class WorkWechatWarnServiceMethod {

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailWarnService.class)
        public WorkWeXinWarnService workWechatWarnService(final WorkWeXinConfig workWeXinConfig) {
            return new WorkWeXinWarnService(workWeXinConfig.getKey(), workWeXinConfig.getToUser());
        }

        @Autowired
        void setDataChangedListener(WorkWeXinWarnService workWeXinWarnService) {
            AlarmFactoryExecute.addAlarmLogWarnService(workWeXinWarnService);
        }
    }

    // 钉钉相关配置装载
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = DingTalkConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(DingTalkConfig.class)
    static class DingTalkWarnServiceMethod {

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(DingTalkWarnService.class)
        public DingTalkWarnService dingTalkWarnService(final DingTalkConfig dingtalkConfig) {
            DingTalkWarnService dingTalkWarnService = new DingTalkWarnService(dingtalkConfig.getToken(), dingtalkConfig.getSecret());
            AlarmFactoryExecute.addAlarmLogWarnService(dingTalkWarnService);
            return dingTalkWarnService;
        }
    }

    // 消息模板配置装载
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = TemplateConfig.PREFIX, name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(TemplateConfig.class)
    static class TemplateConfigServiceMethod {

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public AlarmTemplateProvider alarmTemplateProvider(TemplateConfig templateConfig) {
            if (TemplateSource.FILE == templateConfig.getSource()) {
                return new YamlAlarmTemplateProvider(templateConfig);
            } else if (TemplateSource.JDBC == templateConfig.getSource()) {
                // 数据库（如mysql）读取文件，未实现，可自行扩展
                return new JdbcAlarmTemplateProvider(templateId -> null);
            } else if (TemplateSource.MEMORY == templateConfig.getSource()) {
                // 内存（如redis，本地内存）读取文件，未实现，可自行扩展
                return new MemoryAlarmTemplateProvider(templateId -> null);
            }
            return new YamlAlarmTemplateProvider(templateConfig);
        }


    }
    @Bean
    public AlarmAspect alarmAspect(@Autowired(required = false) AlarmTemplateProvider alarmTemplateProvider) {
        return new AlarmAspect(alarmTemplateProvider);
    }
}

四、总结

主要借助spring的切面技术，以及springboot的自动装配原理，实现了发送告警逻辑。对业务代码无侵入，只需要在业务代码上标记注解，就可实现可插拔的功能，比较轻量。

五、参考源码

编程文档：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note

应用仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-flyer-parent