R可视化——地图绘制及数据的添加

加载所需R包

rm(list = ls())
setwd('D://map') #设置工作环境
#加载包
library(tidyverse)
library(sf)
library(ggspatial)

数据获取与加载

1、地图数据——从阿里云DataV可视化网站（可选择其他平台）下载格式为.json的地图数据：（网址：http://datav.aliyun.com/portal/school/atlas/area_selector）

map <- read_sf("中华人民共和国.json")

image.png

绘制地图

ggplot(map)+#数据
  geom_sf(color='black',#线条颜色
          fill=NA,#填充色
          size=0.8)+#地图线条粗细
  annotation_scale(location = "bl", width_hint = 0.3) +#添加比例尺并调整位置及长度
  annotation_north_arrow(location = "tl", which_north = F, 
                         pad_x = unit(0.05, "in"), pad_y = unit(0.05, "in"),
                         style = north_arrow_nautical)+#添加指北针，指北针类型style有north_arrow_orienteering；north_arrow_fancy_orienteering；north_arrow_minimal与north_arrow_nautical四种类型
  coord_sf(crs = "+proj=laea +lat_0=40 +lon_0=104")+#坐标参考系统(CRS)
  theme(text = element_text(size = 14,face = "bold"),
        panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
        panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "grey",size=0.2),
        axis.line = element_blank())+
  labs(x='', y='')

image.png

添加连续变量与分类变量数据

1、数据（数据为随机生成数据，无实际意义）

data <- read.csv("中华人民共和国.csv",header = T)

image.png

2、按照连续变量数据对地图进行填充

#合并数据并修正变量类型
data_all <- map %>% 
  left_join(data,by = "name") %>% 
  mutate_at("T", as.numeric)
#绘图
ggplot(data_all)+
  geom_sf(aes(fill=T),#填充
          color='black',#线条颜色
          size=0.8)+#地图线条粗细
  geom_sf_text(aes(label = name, geometry = geometry), color = 'red', size=3)+#标签
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "blue", high = "yellow")+#连续变量的填充
  annotation_scale(location = "bl", width_hint = 0.3) +#添加比例尺并调整位置及长度
  annotation_north_arrow(location = "tl", which_north = F, 
                         pad_x = unit(0.05, "in"), pad_y = unit(0.05, "in"),
                         style = north_arrow_nautical)+#添加指北针
  coord_sf(crs = "+proj=laea +lat_0=40 +lon_0=104")+#坐标参考系统(CRS)
  theme(text = element_text(size = 14,face = "bold"),
        panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
        panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "grey",size=0.2),
        axis.line = element_blank())+
  labs(x='',y='')

image.png

3、按照分类变量数据对地图进行填充

#分类变量数据
data_all <- map %>% 
  left_join(data,by = "name") %>% 
  mutate_at("H", as.character)
#绘图
ggplot(data_all)+
  geom_sf(aes(fill=H),#填充
          color='black',#线条颜色
          size=0.8)+#地图线条粗细
  geom_sf_text(aes(label = name, geometry = geometry), color = 'red', size=3)+#标签
  scale_fill_manual(values = rainbow(34))+#按照分类变量进行填充
  annotation_scale(location = "bl", width_hint = 0.3) +#添加比例尺并调整位置及长度
  annotation_north_arrow(location = "tl", which_north = F, 
                         pad_x = unit(0.05, "in"), pad_y = unit(0.05, "in"),
                         style = north_arrow_nautical)+#添加指北针
  coord_sf(crs = "+proj=laea +lat_0=40 +lon_0=104")+#坐标参考系统(CRS)
  theme(text = element_text(size = 14,face = "bold"),
        panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
        panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "grey",size=0.2),
        axis.line = element_blank())+
  labs(x='', y='')

image.png

添加散点图

1、数据（随机生成，无实际意义）

df1 <- data.frame(
  lon=c(99,110,115,105,115,113),
  lat=c(35,28,35,28,38,25),
  group=rep(c('A','B'),3),
  value1=c(1.8,2.5,3.5,2.5,3,3.5),
  value2=c(3,3.5,6,5,4,4.5))

image.png

2、添加散点图

ggplot(map)+
  geom_sf(color='black',#线条颜色
          fill=NA,#填充色
          size=0.8)+#地图线条粗细
  geom_point(data=df1,aes(x=lon,y=lat,fill=group,size=value1),#散点图
          shape=21,
          color='black',
          stroke=0.25)+
  annotation_scale(location = "bl", width_hint = 0.2) +#添加比例尺并调整位置及长度
  annotation_north_arrow(location = "tl", which_north = F, 
                         pad_x = unit(0.05, "in"), pad_y = unit(0.05, "in"),
                         style = north_arrow_nautical)+#添加指北针
  coord_sf()+#这里使用默认crs，否则需要对原始数据进行转换
  theme(text = element_text(size = 14,face = "bold"),
        panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
        panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "grey",size=0.2),
        axis.line = element_blank())+
  labs(x='', y='')+
  scale_size(range=c(1,4))+#点的变化范围
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("red", "yellow"))+#颜色
  guides(fill = guide_legend(override.aes = list(size = 3),label.position = "right"))#图例设置

image.png

添加条形图

    数据仍为散点图数据，绘图过程中不能使用常规geom_bar等函数进行绘制，可以使用geom_linerange()或geom_errorbar()函数进行绘制，绘图代码如下：

ggplot(map)+
  geom_sf(color='black',#线条颜色
          fill=NA,#填充色
          size=0.8)+#地图线条粗细
  geom_linerange(data=df1, aes(x=lon-.3,ymin=lat,ymax=lat+value1*0.3, color='A'),  alpha=0.8,size=3)+#条形图1
  geom_linerange(data=df1, aes(x=lon+.3,ymin=lat,ymax=lat+value2*0.3, color='B'), alpha=0.8,size=3)+#条形图2
  annotation_scale(location = "bl", width_hint = 0.2) +#添加比例尺并调整位置及长度
  annotation_north_arrow(location = "tl", which_north = F, 
                         pad_x = unit(0.05, "in"), pad_y = unit(0.05, "in"),
                         style = north_arrow_nautical)+#添加指北针
  coord_sf()+
  theme(text = element_text(size = 14,face = "bold"),
        panel.background = element_rect(fill = NA),
        panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "grey",size=0.2),
        axis.line = element_blank())+
  labs(x='', y='')

image.png

参考：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5HbiL_cUSZIuATy6UbCcAw