谓语动词的情态和语态、否定和强调

一、情态定义

情态动词+动词原形（不处理动词）
整体是一个谓语动词。

特点：

• 情态动词的时态变化有限
• 情态动词没有人称变化

二、情态使用

• Children may face serious difficulties...
• Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown. may be 谓语动词

maybe 副词，修饰动词/句子，“可能，也许:
Maybe I can show you the way.

三、情态动词的时态

• 现在
• 过去

现在时	过去时
must	无
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

过去时含义：

• 表示过去
• 不表示过去，表示现在的更委婉语气
• 用于虚拟语气

Can you help me now?
Could you help me now?

四、情态动词表示情态

1.must 必须

• To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.

2.can/could 能够

• They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
• In the past, workers with average skills.. could earn an average lifestyle.

3.will/would 愿意/将要

• Will you marry me?
• some will be less effective than others.
• In effect, the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace...

4.may/might 可以/可能

• May I help you?
• guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.
• We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

5.should 应该

• Should they become charitable corporation?
• ...I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.

五、情态动词表示推测

可能性最高：must 肯定 一定
可能性一般：may/might can/could should... 可能 也许
可能性较低：can't couldn't 不可能

• other suits may have an even greater impact.
• Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's...

推测不同时间：

• 情态动词 + do 推测现在
• 情态动词 + be doing 推测现在正在进行
• 情态动词 + have done 推测过去

eg：

• It must have rained yesterday.昨天肯定下雨了
• She must have cried.
• Jealousy and anger..may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.
• They may be coming [into the workforce]...

词组：have to / ought to + do
..Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world...

六、语态

• 主动语态：I eat apples.
• 被动语态：Apples are eaten.

1.被动语态构成

be+done

• be：被动的时间、主语的单复数
• done：被动的动作

eg：
But her appeal was considered a failure...

强调被谁做：

• The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids...

2.被动语态与时态结合

但是她的呼吁（过去）被认为是失败的：
But her appeal was considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁（现在）被认为是失败的：
But her appeal is considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁将会（现在的将来）被认为是失败的：
But her appeal will be considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁过去将会（过去的将来）被认为是失败的：
But her appeal would be considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁过去正在被认为是失败的：
But her appeal was being considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁现在正在被认为是失败的：
But her appeal is being considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁过去已经（过去的之前）被认为是失败的：
But her appeal had been considered a failure.

但是她的呼吁现在已经（现在的之前）被认为是失败的：
But her appeal has been considered a failure.

3.被动语态与情态结合

情态动词 + be + done

• Obesity can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
• Their success may be determined by a suit
• sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

七、谓语动词的否定

1.实义动词变否定

有实际意义的动词
did/do/does + not + 动词原形

• I liked music. I did not like music.
• I like music. I do not like music.
• He like music. He does not like music.

eg:

• A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.
• We don't need more categories.
• a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits.

2.非实义动词变否定

直接加not变否定
例如：be动词，情态动词，完成时态中的have/has/had等

• Thinner isn't always better.
• Money may not quite buy happiness...
• It has not been much fun.
• I will not be waiting for you.（既有情态动词又有be动词，not放情态动词后面）

八、谓语动词的强调

do/does/did + 动词原形

I trust you.
I do trust you. He does trust you.

eg：

• The zone do deliver some improvements to air quality..
• But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future...
• The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 ...