UNIT 7 WHAT'S THIS? WHAT'S THAT?

第七课 这是什么？ 那是什么？

本课重点：怎样询问和回答某物的名称和有关情况。

A. Texts & Notes

1. Is this your suitcase?

海关官员检查神父的行李。
Customs officer: Is this your suitcase?
Priest: Yes, it is.
Customs officer: And is this your suitcase?
Priest: Yes, it is.
Customs officer: Would you open this one, please?
Priest: Yes.
Customs officer: Excuse me. What's this?
Priest: It's a bottle. A bottle of wine.
Customs officer: And this? What's this?
Priest: It's soap.
Customs officer: And these? What are these?
Priest: They're cigarettes.

海关官员：这是你的手提箱吗？
神父：是的。
海关官员：这只手提箱也是你的吗？
神父：是的。
海关官员：请你打开这只好吗？
神父：好的。
海关官员：请问，这是什么？
神父：这是一个瓶子，一瓶葡萄酒。
海关官员：这个呢？这是什么？
神父：这是肥皂。
海关官员：这些呢？这些是什么？
神父：这些是香烟。

注1：名词有可数名词与不可数名词之分，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。一般在单数形式后加 -s 即为复数形式。如 tree（单）— trees（复），map — maps。单数名词读音结尾为清辅音时，其复数所加 -s 读[s]音，如结尾为浊辅音时，则读[z]音。
—以 s、x、z、zh、ch或辅音加 o 结尾的名词变复数时加 -es，读音为[-is]。如 address — addresses。
—以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时将 f 和 fe 变为 v 再加 -es，读音为[-vs]。如 knife — knives。
—以辅音加 y 结尾的名词， 变 y 为 i 再加 -es。如 family — families。
—以 ce 或 se 结尾的加 -s，但读音为 [is]。如 office — offices，house — houses。
以上为一般规律，但也有例外。
不可数名词一般为物质名词（如：wine ）和抽象名词（如：happiness 幸福），没有单数和复数的区别。
注2. 可数名词与数词连用表示具体数量，如：one bottle；three officers；ten tourists。但表示一个时，常用不定冠词 a，如：一位旅行者说 a tourist，一支香烟说 a cigarette。不可数名词则不能这样表示具体数量，一瓶酒应说 a bottle of wine，一瓶香水应说 a bottle of perfume，一块肥皂要说 a cake of soap，一杯水说 a glass of water。
注3. this 的复数是 these，that 的复数是 those，统称为指示代词。

2. What are those?

两名旅游者在郊外迷了路，他们在查看地图。
Girl: What's that?
Man: It's a river.
Girl: Is that a river?
Man: No, it isn't. That's a road.
Girl: Is that grass?
Man: Yes, it is. It's green.
Girl: What are those? There.
Man: Those are trees. I think. Wait a moment. Yes, they're trees.
Girl: And that's a house. And those are houses. And those.
Man: And that's a road. Straight ahead. This way.

姑娘：那是什么？
男子：是一条河。
姑娘：那是是条河吗？
男子：不，不是的，那是一条路。
姑娘：那是草地吗？
男子：是的，是绿色的。
姑娘：那些是什么？那边。
男子：我想是树，等一下，对是树。
姑娘：那是一所房子。那些也是房子，还有那些。
男子：那是一条路，一直朝前。打这儿走。

注4. 注意在一个句子中，名词、人称代词、指示代词以及系动词 to be 的单数和复数都必须一致。
What's this？和 What's that？是就可数名词单数及不可数名词提问的，所以回答这两个问题时用 It's… ，如：What's this？It's a bottle. What's that? It's a soap.
What are these? 和 What are those? 是用来就可数名词复数提问，所以回答时用 Thay‘re … ，如：What're these? They're cigarettes. What're those? They're shops.

3. A quiz about London

一场智力测验正在进行。
Quizmaster: Hollo, good evening and welcome to the London Quiz. Yes, a quiz about London. Here are six questions. Six questins about London. Here is questin one: What's this?
1st and 3rd members: It's the Tower of London.
Quizmaster: Yes. And question two is "How old is the Tower of London?" Is it 500 years old? Is it 700 years old or is it 900 years old?
3rd member: 900.
Quizmaster: Yes. The Tower of London is 900 years old. It's 900 years old. Right. Questins three: What this?
1st member: The River Thames.
Quizmaster: Yes, it is. Here's question four. How long is the River Thames? Is it 238 kilometres long? Is it 338 kilometres long? Or is it 438 kilometres long?
1st member: I don't know.
2nd member: I think, it's 338 kilometres long.
Quizmaster: Yes, it is. It's 338 kilometres long. Here's question five. Question five: What's this?
1st member: Is it Buckingham Palace?
Quizmaster: No, no, it isn't.
3rd member: Is it Big Ben?
Quizmaster: Yes, it is Big Ben. And question six is "How high is Big Ben?" Is it 78 metres high? Is it 88 metres high? Or is it 98 metres high?
2nd member: 88.
Quizmaster: No, it isn't 88 metres high.
1st member: 78.
Quizmaster: No, no. It isn't 78 metres high.
3rd member: 98.
Quizmaster: Yes, well done! Big Ben is 98 metres high. It's 98 memtres high.

节目主持人：各位，晚上好，欢迎参加伦敦智力测验。对，这是一个关于伦敦的测验。有六个问题，六个关于伦敦的问题。这是第一个问题：这是什么？
第一、第二参赛者：这是伦敦塔。
节目主持人：对了。第二个问题是“伦敦塔有多少年的历史了？”500年了，700年了还是900年了？
第三参赛者：900年。
节目主持人：对了。伦敦塔有900年了。它有900年的历史了。好。第三个问题：这是什么？
第一参赛者：泰晤士河。
节目主持人：对，是的。现在是第四个问题。泰晤士河有多长？它有238公里长？它有338公里长？还是438公里长？
第一参赛者：我不知道。
第二参赛者：我想它有338公里长。
节目主持人：是的，对了。它是338公里长。现在是第五个问题。第五个问题：这是什么？
第一参赛者：是白汉金宫吗？
节目主持人：不，不，它不是。
第三参赛者：是伦敦大钟吗？
节目主持人：对，是大钟。第六个问题是大钟有多高？是78米高？是88米高？还是98米高？
第二参赛者：88米。
节目主持人：不，不是88米高。
第一参赛者：78米。
节目主持人：不，不是78米高。
第三参赛者：98米？
节目主持人：对了。答得好！大钟有98米高。它有98米高。

*注5. quiz 原意上测验。在电视节目中，quiz 是一种智力测验比赛，主持人提问题，参加人回答，看谁答得对和快。主持人称为 quizmaster。
注6. the River Thames 泰晤士河，英国南部一大河，流经伦敦市中心。
注7. Big Ben [bɪɡ ben]是伦敦议会大厦上的一口古老的大自鸣钟，为伦敦一景。钟重13.5吨，直径2.7米。多年来，它一直为伦敦市民准确地报时。通过英国广播公司（BBC）的广播也可以收到 Big Ben 的报时。
注8. how 为疑问副词，与形容词连用，对某事物的特性提问。问有多少 年了说 How old …？问有多长说How long …? 问有多高说 How high …？这是特殊疑问句，回答时不说 Yes. 或 No. 而要具体说清问题。回答问多少年的问题时用 It's … old. 回答问有多长的问题时用 It's … long. 回答问有多高的问题时用 It's … high. 例如：
How old is Tiananmen? It's 580 years old.
How long is Yangtze River? It's 6,380 kilometres long.
How high is Mount Zhumulangma? It's 8,848 metres high.
注9. 1st 是 first 的简写，2nd 是 second 的简写，3rd 是 third 的简写。

B. Exercise

1. 电视片和录音带里有一段是导游在介绍伦敦一座有名的公园，听后你能用英语回答下列问题吗？
   （1）What's the name of the park? .
   （2）How old is it? .
   （3）How long is the famous Rousham Park bowling green？.
   — And this is Rousham park.
   — Excuse me. How old is it?
   — It's . And this is the famous Rousham Park bowling green.（滚木球草坪） It was made in 1720.
   — How long is it?
   — I don't know, Mr Bradley. I think it's .
   — Thank you.
2. 假设你陪外宾去颐和园（the Summer Palace），试编一段对话，就颐和园有多少年的历史，长廊（the Long Corrider）有多长及万寿山（Longevity Hill）有多高提问并回答。
   How old is the Summer Palace? It's … years old.
   How long is the Long Corrider? It's … metres long.
   How high is Longevity Hill? It's … metres high.
3. 用 this 和 these 填空：
   （1）Is your tooth-paste?
   （2） suitcases are red.
   （3） is my office.
   （4） thops close at 7 o'clock.
   4，用 that 和 those 填空：
   （1）The keys are in suicase.
   （2）Is that your clock?
   （3）Who is over there?
   （4）There's a car park near houses.
4. 用 blue, red, green, white, black 和 yellow 填空：
   （1）The sky is . The clouds are .
   （2）There is a flag with five * stars.
   （3）The house is . And the trees are .

C. Summary

1.说法与用法

（1）就各种事物的名称回答：
What's this / that? It's tooth-paste. It's soap.
What are these / those? They're trees.
（2）就年龄问答：
How old is it? It's 500 years old.
（3）就长度问答：
How long is it? It's 338 kilometres long.
（4）就高度回答：
How high is it? It's 300 metres high.

2. 语法

（1）名词有可数名词与不可数名词之分，可数名词有单数和复数的区别。（详见注1）
（2）指示代词：this; these; that; those
（3）在一个句子中，名词、人称代词、指示代词和系动词 to be 的单数和复数均需一致。

What's this?
It's a bottle.
What are these?
They're cigarette.
That's a river.
How old is it?
It's 900 years old.
How long is it?
It's 338 kilometres long.
How high is it?
It's 98 metres high.

D. Words & Expressions

附1：Follow me （欧洲版教材）

~1~

~2~

~3~

教材的使用说明

附2. UNIT 7 WHAT'S THIS? WHAT'S THAT?