L4-U3-P3-1 Listening : Honey Bee Pollination蜜蜂授粉

Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature. 蜜蜂在自然界中扮演着一个有趣且重要的角色。

In addition to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce. 除了制造蜂蜜，蜜蜂还帮助许多植物繁殖。

They do this by pollinating the plant, which means to transfer pollen. 它们通过授粉来实现这一点，授粉意味着将花粉转移。

Pollination occurs when pollen is moved within a plant's flower or carried to another flower. 授粉发生在花粉在植物花朵内部移动或被带到另一个花朵时。

This is how the plants reproduce. 这就是植物繁殖的方式。

For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part. 为了成功繁殖，花粉必须从花朵的雄性部分转移到雌性部分。

习题：

They do this by pollinating the plant, which means to transfer pollen.

Many plants depend on pollination for reproduction. 许多植物依赖于授粉来繁殖。

These include many fruits and vegetables. 这些植物包括许多水果和蔬菜。

Besides honeybees, there are many other pollinators, including birds, insects, and other kinds of bees. 除了蜜蜂，还有许多其他的授粉者，包括鸟类、昆虫和其他种类的蜜蜂。

Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetables would become more expensive and hard to find. 如果没有足够的授粉者，我们最喜欢的许多水果和蔬菜会变得更贵，更难找到。

These include almonds and cherries. 这些包括杏仁和樱桃。

习题：

Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetables would become more expensive . 如果没有足够的授粉者，我们最喜欢的许多水果和蔬菜会变得更贵。

Honeybees are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture. 蜜蜂是重要的授粉者，在农业中扮演着重要的角色。

Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees. 养蜂人是饲养蜜蜂的人。

In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services to farmers. 除了收集蜂蜜，一些养蜂人还向农民提供授粉服务。

They do this by raising and managing colonies of bees. 他们通过饲养和管理蜜蜂群来实现这一点。

Farmers need the colonies to pollinate their crops. 农民需要这些蜜蜂群来授粉他们的庄稼。

Beekeepers can provide and manage bee colonies for farmers. 养蜂人可以为农民提供和管理蜜蜂群。

习题：

This is how the plants reproduce .

Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.

They do this by raising and managing colonies of bees. 

L4-U3-P3-2 Listening : Colony Collapse 蜂群崩溃

Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies. 蜜蜂是生活在群体中的社会性昆虫。

A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones and thousands of female worker bees. 一个蜜蜂群体包括一只蜂后、雄蜂和数千只工蜂。

Each colony also contains eggs and immature bees in various stages of development. 每个群体中还包含着不同发育阶段的卵和幼虫。

The number of bees within a colony depends on seasonal changes. 群体中的蜜蜂数量取决于季节变化。

A colony's population increases during the warm seasons and decreases during colder seasons. 群体的人口在温暖的季节增加，在较冷的季节减少。

习题：

The number of bees within a colony depends on seasonal changes. 

In recent years, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared. 近年来，许多蜜蜂群体已经崩溃或消失。

A bee colony collapse occurs when a majority of the bees in a colony disappear and leave behind the queen. 蜜蜂群体崩溃是指群体中的大多数蜜蜂消失，留下蜂后。

Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 percent of their colonies. 一些养蜂人报告说他们失去了30%到90%的群体。

This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops. 这种蜜蜂群体的损失对于依赖它们授粉的农民来说可能会导致重大问题。

In some parts of the world, a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%. 在世界上的一些地区，蜜蜂短缺已经使租用蜜蜂的成本增加了高达20%。

习题：

A bee colony collapse occurs when a majority of the bees in a colony disappear. 蜜蜂群体崩溃是指群体中的大多数蜜蜂消失。

Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 percent of their colonies. 一些养蜂人报告说他们失去了30%到90%的群体。

There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse. 蜜蜂群体崩溃有几个可能的原因。

One possible cause is the use of new pesticides. 其中一个可能的原因是新农药的使用。

Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors, and malnutrition. 其他可能的原因包括病毒感染、遗传因素和营养不良。

Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.天气模式的变化也可能起作用，因为夏天变得更热，冬天变得更冷。

These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections. 这些天气的变化可能会削弱蜜蜂，使它们更难抵抗感染。

习题：

Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.

Whatever the cause of colony collapse, it's important to understand that many parts of our world are interdependent. 无论蜜蜂群体崩溃的原因是什么，重要的是要理解我们世界上的许多部分是相互依存的。

Changes that affect one species may have serious effects on other species. 影响一个物种的变化可能会对其他物种产生严重影响。

A change to our environment can start a chain of events that is difficult to predict. 对我们环境的改变可能会引发一系列难以预测的事件。

In any complex system such as the Earth's environment, small changes can have unforeseen consequences. 在任何复杂系统，如地球环境中，小的变化可能会带来意想不到的后果。

The danger of unforeseen consequences is something we all need to understand better. 我们都需要更好地理解不可预见后果的危险。

An unforeseen consequence occurs when an action produces a result that isn't expected. 不可预见的后果是指一个行动产生了一个未被预期的结果。

Changes that affect one species may have serious effects on other species. 影响一个物种的变化可能会对其他物种产生严重影响。

The Earth's environment is an extremely complex system. 地球的环境是一个极其复杂的系统。

One possible cause is the use of new pesticides. 新农药的使用可能是一个可能的原因。

Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 percent of their colonies. 一些养蜂人报告说他们失去了30%到90%的群体。

A colony's population increases during the warm seasons and decreases during colder seasons. 个群体的人口在温暖的季节增加，在寒冷的季节减少。

Whatever the cause of colony collapse, it's important to understand that many parts of our world are interdependent. 无论蜜蜂群体崩溃的原因是什么，重要的是要理解我们世界上的许多部分是相互依存的。

习题：

An unforeseen consequence occurs when an action produces a result that isn't expected. 不可预见的后果是指一个行动产生了一个未被预期的结果。

Changes that affect one species may have serious effects on other species. 影响一个物种的变化可能会对其他物种产生严重影响。

Honey bees are social insects that live in colonies. 

In recent years, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared. 

Changes that affect one species may have serious effects on other species. 

L4-U3-P3-3 Vocabulary : Bussiness and Economics商业与经济

Goods and services supply what people need or want. 商品和服务提供了人们需要或想要的东西。

Goods are things such as food and clothing. 商品是食物和衣服等物品。

Services include things such as health care and police protection. 服务包括医疗保健和警察保护等服务。

A country needs natural and human resources. 一个国家需要自然资源和人力资源。

Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources, such as oil and wind. 自然资源包括淡水供应、农田和能源，如石油和风能。

Human resources include a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services. 人力资源包括能够生产商品和服务的技术劳动力。

Once we have a supply of goods or services, they need to be distributed throughout a country. 一旦我们有了商品或服务的供应，它们需要在全国范围内分配。

Highways and railways are both ways to transport things from one part of a country to another. 高速公路和铁路是将物品从一个地区运输到另一个地区的方式。

Electricity is distributed through a system of transmission lines. 电力通过输电线路系统进行分配。

We live in an age of advertising. 我们生活在广告的时代。

Advertising lets people know about goods and services. 广告让人们了解商品和服务。

It educates people about the product being advertised. 它教育人们了解被宣传的产品。

Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries. 贸易允许不同国家之间交换商品和服务。

Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country. 出口是向另一个国家出售的商品和服务。

Imports are goods and services that are bought from another country. 进口是从另一个国家购买的商品和服务。

For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia. 例如，许多国家从沙特阿拉伯等国家进口石油。

习题：

Services include things such as health care and police protection.服务包括医疗保健和警察保护等事项。

An advertiser's goal is  to convince people to buy something even if they don't really need it.广告商的目标是说服人们购买某样东西，即使他们并不是真的需要它。

Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country. 出口是向另一个国家出售的商品和服务。

Goods and services supply what people need or want.

A country needs natural and human resources. 

Advertisers try to increase the demand for a product or service.

L4-U3-P3-4 Vocabulary : Career Building职业发展

Employees are the people who work for a company. 员工是为公司工作的人。

Some employees do basic work, such as operating a machine or driving a truck. 一些员工从事基础工作，比如操作机器或驾驶卡车。

The people who hire and direct the work of other employees are managers. 雇佣并指导其他员工工作的人是经理。

Interviews are one way to find out about a person who applies for a job. 面试是了解求职者的一种方式。

In an interview, a job applicant can ask questions about a company, and the company can find out about a person's skills and experience. 在面试中，求职者可以向公司提问，同时公司也可以了解求职者的技能和经验。

An entrepreneur is someone who starts a new company. 企业家是创办新公司的人。

Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give their company an advantage. 企业家通常有新的想法和做事方式，这可以给他们的公司带来优势。

Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company. 薪资和福利用来吸引新员工加入公司。

If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take the job and stay with the company. 如果薪资和福利足够好，员工可能会接受工作并留在公司。

Benefits include vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job. 福利包括休假时间、健康保险以及对表现好的员工的奖金。

When applying for a job, it's important to have the skills and experience needed for the job. 申请工作时，拥有所需的技能和经验非常重要。

Developing and increasing skills and experience is a good way to prepare for a good job. 发展和增加技能和经验是为好工作做准备的好方法。

Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills. 一个人拥有的每份工作都是学习新事物和发展新技能的机会。

习题：

The people who hire and direct the work of other employees are managers. 

Interviews are one way to find out about a person who applies for a job. 

When applying for a job, it's important to have the skills and experience needed for  the job.

Employees are the people who work for a company.

An entrepreneur is someone who starts a new company. 

L4-U3-P3-5 Dialogue : Landlord Trouble 房东的麻烦

M: You don't look good. Is something bothering you?  你看起来不太好。有什么困扰你的事吗？

W: Yes, it's my landlord. 是的，是我的房东。

M: Oh, it there something wrong with your flat?  哦，是你的公寓有什么问题吗？

W: No, there is nothing wrong with the flat. But I'm going to have to move out. 不，公寓没什么问题。但我不得不搬出去。

习题：

She doesn't look good because she has to move out of her flat. 她看起来不太好，因为她不得不搬出她的公寓。

M: Why do you have to move out? 你为什么非得搬出去呢？

W: For the last two months, a friend has been staying with me. She is staying until she can find a job. 在过去的两个月里，有位朋友一直和我住在一起。她要住到找到工作为止。

M: That's nice of you. 你真好。

W: Yes, but I'm not supposed to have anyone staying there. 是的，但我不应该让任何人住在那里。

M: Was that in the rental agreement? 这是租赁协议里规定的吗？

W: Yes, it was. It's okay if a friend stays for a few days, but not for more than that. 是的，协议里写了。朋友住几天是可以的，但不允许超过那个时间。

习题：

The rental agreement says she's not supposed to have anyone staying there .租赁协议规定她不应该让任何人留在那里住宿。

M: So you broke the agreement, even though it was for a good reason. 所以你违反了协议，尽管这是出于好意。

W: Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlord about my friend. So now I'm in trouble. The landlord is angry and says she can't trust me. 不管怎样，我的一个邻居告诉了房东我朋友的事。所以我现在我有麻烦了。房东很生气，说她不能再信任我。

M: That's ridiculous. 这太荒谬了。

W: I told her about my friend and how I'm trying to help her, but she doesn't care. 我告诉她我朋友的情况以及我如何帮助她，但她不在乎。

习题：

So you broke the agreement, even though it was for a good reason. 

There's nothing wrong with her flat.

One of her neighbors told the landlord about her friend.

Her friend was going to stay until she could find a job.

M: Wow, she doesn't sound very nice.  哇，她听起来不太好相处。

W: That's right, she isn't nice. She's just interested in money. In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit. 没错，她不好相处。她只对钱感兴趣。实际上，她打算扣下我的押金。

M: How can she do that? Nothing is damaged, right? 她怎么能那样做？没有东西损坏，对吧？

W: Right, everything in the flat is fine. She's keeping the deposit because I broke the rental agreement. 对，公寓里的一切东西都好好的。她扣押金是因为我违反了租赁协议。

M: What about your rent? 你的租金怎么办？

W: Yes, that's another problem. I've already paid 3 months' rent, so I hope I get it back. 是的，那是另一个问题。我已经预付了三个月的租金，所以我希望我能拿回来。

M: What can you do if she doesn't return it? 如果她不退还呢？

W: I don't know. I'll talk to my agent. He's nice, and maybe he can help. Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back. 我不知道。我会和我中介谈谈。他人很好，也许他能帮忙。也许我应该拒绝搬出公寓，直到我拿回我的钱。

M: Be sure to take pictures of the flat. 确保要拍公寓的照片。

W: What for? 为什么？

M: Just to show the condition of the flat. Then she can't say your friend damage it in anyway. 只是为了展示公寓的状况。那样她就不能说你朋友以任何方式损坏了它。

W: Good idea. She's a small-minded, evil woman. I should never have rented it from her in the first place. 好主意。她是个心胸狭窄，邪恶的女人。我一开始就不该从她那里租房子。

习题：

Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.

She's a small-minded, evil woman. 

I should never have rented it from her in the first place. 

Be sure to take pictures of the flat.