Unit 16 Going away

第十六课 外出

本课重点：怎样说明在什么时候做什么事情

A. Texts & Notes

1. Are you going away on holiday?

一个盗贼计划盗银行后到外地度假，他来到旅行社，Francis 是旅行社的代理人，……
Francis: Are you going on holiday?
Robber: Yes, I'm going away.
Francis: Then book an XYZ holiday. Look. A holiday in Spain - in Majorca! There are flights on weekdays at twelve o'clock. The train leaves Victoria Station at ten. It arrives at Gatwiek Airpost at 10:40. The flight leaves at twelve and it gets to Majoca at 14:30 - half past two in the afternoon.
Robber: Can I go today?
Francis: Sorry, sir. Not today. Not on Saturday.
Robber: Tomorrow then?
Francis: No, sir. Tomorrow is Sunday. We haven't got any flights on Saturday or Sunday. Is next week all right? Monday next week?
Robber: Yes, that's all right. But first I'm going to the bank.
Francis: The banks aren't open on Saturday.
Customer: Can you help me? I don't understant this. What dose this mean?
Francis: There are flights on weekdays. But there aren't any flights at the weekend. Today is Saturday. There aren't any flights today. Tomorrow is Sunday. There aren't any flights tomorrow. But there are flights next week. It means that XYZ flights leve on weekdays, from Monday to Friday. But they don't leave at the weekend, on Saturday or Sunday.
Customer: Thank you very much. Now I understand.
Francis: Now, madam, a holiday with XYZ …
Customer: I'll come back next week.
Francis: They ask question, but they don't book holidays.

弗朗西斯：您外出度假吗？
盗贼：是的，我要到外地去。
弗朗西斯：那就订XYZ假日旅行票吧。瞧，到西班牙马约卡去度假！周日每天十二点有航班。火车十点从维多利亚车站开出。十点四十分到达盖维克机场。飞机十二点起飞，十四点三十分……下午两点半到达马约卡。
盗贼：我今天能去吗？
弗朗西斯：对不起，先生。今天不行。星期六不行。
盗贼：那么明天呢？
弗朗西斯：不行，先生。明天是星期日，星期六和星期天我们没有班机。下星期行吗？下星期一？
盗贼：行，可以。可我先要到银行去。
弗朗西斯：银行星期六不开门。
顾客：请帮个忙，我不懂这个。这是什么意思？
弗朗西斯：在周日有航班。但周末没有航班。今天是星期六，没有航班。明天是星期日，没有航班。可是下星期有航班。这就是说在周日，从星期一到星期五有XYZ航班。可是在周末、星期六和星期日没有。
顾客：非常感谢。现在我明白了。
弗朗西斯：那么，夫人，订XYZ假日旅游……
顾客：我下星期再来。
弗朗西斯：他们提问题，可假日旅游票。

注1. 英语表达事情发生的时间概念，除了用明确的时间状语（如星期几、今天、明天、几点钟等等）外，必须用相应的谓语动词时态形式。
—— 表示计划在不久将来要做的事，可以用 to be going，to be leaving，to be coming …… 如：
I'm going away on holiday. （我要外出度假。【参阅第十课】）
—— 表示现在仍有效的规律性的事，用一般现在时，如：
The trains leaves Victoria Station at ten. （火车、飞机的班次是有规律的。【参阅第六课】）
注2. 表示有没有，有两种句型可用。【参阅第九课】
There is (not) … There are(not) … （说明有或没有什么东西。）
have (not) get … （说明谁有或没有什么东西。）
注3. 注意几个介词的用法：
on (a day) — on Wednsday; on weekdays
at (a time) — at quarter to ten; at one o'clock
in (a period) — in a week; in the morning
注4. 遇事不明白时，可以这样发问：What does this mean? （这是什么意思？） 回答可以说：It means … （这就是说……）
注5. weekday 是周日、工作日，weekend 是周末、休息日。英国每周工作五日，星期六和星期日是休息日。
注6. Victoria Station 维多利亚火车站，以维多利亚女王命名，是伦敦通向南方的火车站。Garwick Airpost 是伦敦供包机起落的机场。
注7. 指每个星期几时，可以用单数或复数。如：There are flights on Sunday (或 on Sundays). （每星期日有航班。）

2. I'll be home late tonight.

银行经理在办公室给他妻子打电话。……
Manager: I'm sorroy, darling. I'll be home late tonight.
Wife: Where are you?
Manager: I'm in my office. I'm working. But I'll be home at tow hours. It's seven o'clock now. I'll be home at nine o'clock.
Wife: Will you be late tomorrow?
Manager: Tomorrow? No, I wan't be late tomorrow. I'll be early. I'll be back at four o'clock. Will you be at home then?
Wife: Of course.
Manager: Good! And the next day we'll be on holiday.

经理：对不起，亲爱的。今晚我要晚一点回家。
妻子：你在哪里？
经理：我在我的办公室里。我在工作。可我要过两个小时才回家。现在是七点，我九点到家。
妻子：明天晚回来吗？
经理：明天？不，明天我不晚。我会早的。我将在四点钟回来。那时你在家吗？
妻子：当然在。
经理：好！明天我们就要休假了。

注8. tonight 和 this evening 都是今天晚上，没有什么区别，但 evening 是指下午六点到睡觉这段时间；night 是指日落到日出这段时间。
注9. 注意 next 和 the next 的区别：
next week; next Sunday; next year, … 是指说话时的“下一”星期、星期日、年、……
the next day; the next year, … 要依据上下文看指哪一个“次日”、“下一年”、……
课文中经理先说 I won't be late tomorrow. 以后接着说 the next day we'll be on holiday. 可以看出这里的 the next day 是指 tomorrow 的下一天，即后天。*

3. When did you arrive?

在马约卡岛XYZ假日的地方，……
Young man: Are you on an XYZ holiday?
Manager: Yes, I'm afraid we are.
Young man: I'm on an XYZ holiday too.
Wife: When did you arrive?
Young man: I arrived this morning. The plane was late. It was delayed.
Lady: Yes. We arrived in Majorca twelve hours late. We arrived at half past two in the morning.
Manager: Our plane was late, too.
Lady: Did you arrive today?
Manager: No, we didn't. We arrived yesterday. We arrived last night.
Wife: Our flight was late. We were seven hours late.
Manager: Is he on an XYZ holiday?
Young man: I think so.
Robber: Yes, I'm on an XYZ holiday, I arrived here on Monday and I like it very much.

年轻人：你们是参加XYZ假日旅游来的吗？
经理：是啊，恐怕是的吧。
年轻人：我也是参加XYZ假日旅游来的。
经理妻：你是什么时候到达的？
年轻人：我今天早上到的。飞机晚了，误点了。
女子：是的。我们到马里约卡晚了十二个小时。我们是在今天早上两点半才到的。
经理：我们的飞机也晚了。
女子：你们是今天到的吗？
经理：不，不是。我们是昨天晚上到的。
经理妻：我们的航班晚点了，晚了七个小时。
经理：他也是参加XYZ假日旅游的吗？
年轻人：我想是吧。
盗贼：是的。我是参加XYZ假日旅游的。我星期一来的。我很喜欢这次度假。

注10. 这一段主要学习动词的一般过去时态。动词的一般过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种：
—— 规则动词变过去式时在原形动词词尾加 -ed 即可，如：look — looked; work — worked; call — called; play — played。原形动词以 -e 结尾的，加 -d 即可，如：arrive — arrived; like — liked; use — used。以辅音加 y 结尾的动词，变过去式时要变 y 为 i 再加 -ed ，如：study — studied。
—— 不规则动词过去式变化无规则，应死记。此类动词不多，但多为常用的单音节动词，必须记牢、用对，字典中均有不规则动词表可查找。
注11. 过去式的否定句用动词 do 的过去式 did 加否定词 not 和原形动词构成。如：We didn't arrive this morning. We didn't like the hotel.
过去式的疑问句用动词 did 和原形动词构成。如： Did you arrive this yesterday? Did you have a good holiday?
Did Mr Ward telephone this morning? 简略的回答是 Yes, (I) did. 或 No, (I) didn't.
注12. 一件事情发生在 today 或 this morning, this afternoon, 都可能已经发生或尚未发生。因之，这类时间可用过去时或将来时。如：He arrived this morning. （讲话时已经到达）He is arriving this morning. （讲话时尚未到达）
注13. 晚了多少小时，说 to be … hour late； 说多高：to be … metres high；说多久（老）：to be … years old；说多长：to be … kilometres long。

B. Exercise

1.根据中国民航的时刻表回答下列问题：

(1) Are there any flights to Qingdao on Thursday?
No, there aren't.
(2) Are there any flights to Harbin?
Yes, they are. There are flights to Harbin on Minday and Wednsday.
(3) When do flights arrive in Shanghai?
They have at 11:15.
(4) When do flight leave for Guangzhou?
They have at 14:25.

2. 中译英：
   （1）昨天从罗马（Rome）来的航班晚了三小时。
   The flight from Rome was three hours yesterday.
   （2）今天去上海的航班晚点三十分钟。
   The flight to Shanghai was half an hour late this moning.
   （3）我们早半个小时到了办公室。
   We came to the office half an hour early.
   （4）明天我将晚回家。我将于九点钟到家。
   I'll be home late tomorrow, I'll be home at nine o'clock.

3. 电视节目和录音带中有一段情景是一人去飞机场接见朋友。他向机场问讯处打听航班的情况，请听后说出：（1）他来接从哪里来的朋友？什么航班号？（2）飞机什么什么时候到？为什么晚到了？
   Clerk: Can I help you?
   Man: Yes, I'm meeting a friend on flight 432 from Paris. When does it arrive?
   Clerk:Flight 432 left Paris 20 minutes late. But it'll arrive in about 10 minutes.
   Man: Thank you.

4. 电视节目和录音带中还有一段情景，飞机误点到达，一人在候机室中找到了等候他的朋友，他们的对话如下，请填空：
   — I'm . I'm sorry. My flight .
   — I know. I here .
   — The flight Parts minutes .
   — Let's go and have a drink.

5. 将下面一封信的将来时（斜体部分）改为过去时：
   Dear John:
   I am sorry that I won't see (didn't see) you when come (came) to Beijing tomorrow (last week). I'll be (was) in London and I'll arrive (arvived) back in Beijing on Saturday. But your plane from New York well leave (left) on Friday afternoon. I'm sorry, but I'll see you in Beijing when you come back.
   Yours,
   Gen Woxue

C. Summary

1. 说法与用法

（1）何时何日有何班机、火车等：
There are flights on weekdays at 9 o'clock.
Then aren't any flights at weekends.
（2）飞机何时由何处到达何处：
The plane leaves Gatwick Airpost at twelve thirty in the moning, and gets to Majorca at tow in the afternoon.
（3）如何说来迟了、迟到、晚点：
I'll be home late tonight.
I won't be late tomorrow.
Will you be late tomorrow?
The plane was late.
We were seven houes late.
（4）表达时间的说法：
today; tomorrow; tonight
this moning; this afternoon
yesterday; yesterday evening; last night
next week; next Sunday
the next day; the next week

2. 语法

（1）英语的时态表达了事情发生或存在的时间概念。我们已学的时态有：
a. 一般现在时：The plane arrives at eight.
b. 现在进行时：The plane arriving.
c. 一般将来时：The plane will arrive tomorrow.
d. 一般过去时：The plane arrived yesterday.
（2）动词的过去式：
A. to be:
I, he, she, it — was
we, you, they — were
肯定：I was …
否定：I was not … ( I wasn't … ）
疑问：Were you …？( Weren't you …？ ）
简答：Yes I was. 或 No, I wasn't.
B. 行为动词的过去式有规则与不规则之分。规则动词加 -ed 变为过去式，不规则动词的变化不规则。
肯定：I arrived yesterday.
否定：I didn't arrive yesterday.
疑问：Did you arrive yesday.
简答：Yes, I did. 或 No. didn't.

At the weekend.
I'll be home at nine o'clock.
I'll be home in two hours.
Did you arrive yesterday?
We arrined last night.
Our flight was late.
We were seven hours late.

D. Words & Expressions

附1：Follow me （欧洲版教材）

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附2: UNIT 16 Going away