语法补充第四节2——句子成分之修饰成分

句子的修饰成分

一、定语

1、什么是定语

定语是用来修饰,限定名词,表现名词品质或特征的成分。

补充:定语的位置

前置——定语相对较

后置——定语相对较

在阅读中,我们通常看到的名词,前后几乎都有定语修饰,因此可以将 “ 前置定语+名词+后置定语 ” 看成一个意群( “ 101 ” 组合)。如:

a jointed effort of more than 200 astronomers middle-income earners tired of the urban life.

2、什么可以充当定语

① 单词:形容词,名词,动名词,数词

② 短语:介词短语,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词性短语

③ 从句:定语从句

例:

① Little streams feed big rivers.(形容词)

② This is a lemon tree.(名词)

③ This is a swimming pool.(动名词)

④ I have a dream to travel around the world.(动词不定式)

⑤ We must figure out a solution to this problem.(介词短语)

⑥ The pill is helpful for people suffering from persisted nightmare.(现在分词)

⑦ We can learn some languages used to describe monetary policy.(过去分词)

⑧ Those are elements necessary to succed in life and school.(形容词性短语)

There are many people who cannot understand the best literatureof our time.(定语从句)


二、状语

1、什么是状语

状语是修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的修饰成分

2、什么可以充当状语

① 单词:副词

② 短语:介词短语,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词

③ 从句:状语从句

例:

① He speaks the language badly but reads it well.(副词→动词)

② Fortunately , we won the game.(副词→句子)

③ He has always lived in that house.(副词&介词短语→动词)

④ We stopped , in order to look at the view.(介词短语→句子)

⑤ To kill the bugs , spray the area regularly.(动词不定式→句子,副词→动词)

⑥ Arriving at the station , we learned that the train had already gone.(现在分词→句子)

At the end of the film , we were in tears.(介词短语→句子)

Although he is ugly, he is gentle.(状语从句)


三、同位语

1、什么是同位语

解释,说明,补充名词的成分,一定放在名词后面。

对比:

定语:用来修饰,限定名词的成分,位置短则前置,长则后置

这是一栋高高的房子,拥有大大的窗户,绿绿的墙,红红的

这是一栋木质结构的房子—— 一个古老的建筑(同位语)

2、什么可以充当同位语

① 名词:对大多数同位语的情况

② 同位语从句:考研阅读/翻译重点

例:

① I have two chlldren , a boy and a girl.(名词)

② Their proposal , to concenteate on primary education , has met with opposition.()

③ The first plan , attacking at night , was turned dowm.(动名词)

④ The news that we are having a holiday is not true.( 同位语从句)

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作者:congcong
链接:https://www.techfm.club/p/182222.html
来源:TechFM
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