Day266|伦理学问题:强者为所欲为,弱者活该受罪?

上句见:Day265
The Story of Philosophy《哲学的故事》第1章Plato第4节IV. The Ethical Problem第5段第3句:

Perhaps this hard "immoralism" reflects the development of imperialism in the foreign policy of Athens, and its ruthless treatment of weaker states.13 "Your empire," said Pericles in the oration which Thucydides invents for him, "is based on your own strength rather than the good will of your subjects." And the same historian reports the Athenian envoys coercing Melos into joining Athens in the war against Sparta:"You know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question for equals in power; the strong do what they can, and the weak suffer what they must."14 We have here the fundamental problem of ethics, the crux of the theory of moral conduct. What is justice? — shall we seek righteousness, or shall we seek power? —is it better to be good, or to be strong?
13Barker, p.73
14History of the Peloponnesian War, v.105
浙江大学译本:这位历史学家还记录了雅典特使要挟米洛斯加入雅典对斯巴达之战时的话:“你跟我们一样清楚,这个世界上公理只存在于力量均等的强者之间。强者随心所欲,弱者受苦纯属活该。”④
④《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》,第5卷,第105页

解析

1、And the same historian reports the Athenian envoys coercing Melos into joining Athens in the war against Sparta:
这位历史学家记录了雅典使节要挟米洛斯加入雅典与斯巴达之战的话:
envoy: a person who is sent by one government to represent it in dealing with another government.使节;使者;代表
An envoy saw him as "anything but good-looking". 一位使节认为他“长得跟好看沾不上边”。《经济学人-文艺》
coerce: to make (someone) do something by using force or threats强制;胁迫;迫使
— usually + into
It is as flagrantly wrong to coerce people by mental power as it is to coerce them by physical power.用精神力量胁迫他人,就如同用武力胁迫他人一样,都是极其错误的。《失落的致富经典》

2、"You know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question for equals in power; the strong do what they can, and the weak suffer what they must."14
“你们跟我们一样清楚,在这个世界上,正义只有在力量均等之间才有意义;强者为所欲为,弱者活该受苦。”
in question: used to indicate the specific thing that is being discussed or referred to提及的
And this person in question is very vulnerable right now. 我说的那个人现在非常无助。《摩登家庭》

3、14History of the Peloponnesian War, v.105
History of the Peloponnesian War《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》:是以雅典为首的提洛同盟和以斯巴达为首的伯罗奔尼撒联盟之间的一场战争。第二次伯罗奔尼撒战争于公元前431年一直持续到公元前404年,期间双方曾几度停战,最终斯巴达获得胜利。 这场战争结束了雅典的古典时代,也结束了希腊的民主时代,强烈地改变了希腊的国家。战争给繁荣的古希腊带来了前所未有的破坏,导致了战后希腊奴隶制城邦的危机,整个希腊开始由盛转衰。几乎所有希腊的城邦都参加了这场战争,其战场几乎涉及了整个当时的希腊。在现代研究中也有人称这场战争为“古代世界大战”。

这句继续写强权是当时政治的现实主义写照。强者可以随心所欲,弱者只能活受罪。

这位历史学家记录了雅典使节要挟米洛斯加入雅典与斯巴达之战:“你们跟我们一样清楚,在这个世界上,正义只有在力量均等之间才有意义;强者为所欲为,弱者活该受罪。”

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