酷带英语：精读《中国文化概况》Day14：中国武术的分类

　　《中国文化概况》

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　　第十四期：中国武术的分类

　　Types of Chinese Martial art

　　原文1：

　　中国武术有悠久的历史渊源，有数百种拳法。过去两千年，许多独具特色的拳法在技巧和思想上都得到了发展。虽然拳法之间有差异，但是依据共性它们可以被归类为不同的“家”“派”“门”。其中有模仿动物的拳法，也有受中国哲学神话传说启发而创造的拳法。一些拳法强调用“气”，然而另一些注重竞技。

　　China has a long history of martial arts traditions. Martial arts have

hundreds of different styles. Over the past two thousand years, many distinctive

styles have been developed, each with its own set of techniques and ideas. There

are also common themes to the different styles, which are often classified by

“families” (家; jia), “sects”(派; pai) or “schools” (门; men). There are styles

that mimic movements from animals and others that gather inspiration from

various Chinese philosophies, myths and legends. Some styles put most of their

focus into the harnessing of qi, while others concentrate on competition.

　　原文2：

　　中国武术可以按照用“气”来进行分类，注重运气的拳叫内家拳，那些注重肌肉训练和血管保健的拳叫外家拳。

　　Chinese martial arts can be split into external and internal according to

the manipulation of “qi”. Some styles focus on the harnessing of qi and are

labeled internal, while others concentrate on improving muscle and

cardiovascular fitness and are labeled external.

　　原文3：少林功夫Shaolin Kung Fu

　　少林功夫也叫少林拳，是中国武界各大流派中历史最悠久、种类最繁多、体系最庞大的门派。它结合了禅宗佛教和武术，起源于中国河南省少林寺，至今已有1

500多年的历史。民间流传了这样两句话：天下武功出少林，少林功夫甲天下。可见少林功夫对武术的影响不可小觑。

　　Shaolin Kung Fu (Chinese: 少林功夫; pinyin: Shaolingongfu), also called Shaolin

Wushu (少林武术; Shaolinwushu) or Shaolin quan (少林拳; Shaolinquan), is one of the

oldest, largest, and most famous styles of Wǔshù. It combines Zen Buddhism and

martial arts and originated and was developed in the Shaolin temple in Henan

province, China during its 1500-year history. Popular sayings in Chinese

folklore related to this practice include “All martial arts under heaven

originated from Shaolin” and “Shaolin Kung Fu is the best under heaven,”

indicating the influence of Shaolin Kung Fu among martial arts.

　　原文4：太极拳Taijiquan (Tai Chi)

　　太极拳是内家拳，练习太极拳不仅可以防御他人进攻还对自己的身体有好处。太极指的是哲学中的“阴”“阳”概念。这是两股与运动相关的力量。太极拳讲究意、气、形、神的统一。它要求注意力集中和身心宁静。“头脑是指挥官，身体是士兵。”

“一动则全动，一静则全静。”简单的力量并不是首要的，太极拳中的力量如同车的轮，而腰部就像轮的轴，太极拳的动作就像是在连续的画圆。呼吸要深，不动的时候要站得像山一样稳，动起来要像河流一样连贯。太极拳动作强调圆润、轻柔、缓慢、稳健、均匀。它讲究伸展和协调，所有的动作都来自阴阳对立的统一体。

　　Taijiquan is an internal Chinese martial art practiced for both its defense

training and its health benefits. The term taiji refers to a philosophy of the

forces of Yin and Yang, related to the moves. Taijiquan is characterized by the

unification of mind, breath and motions. It requires concentration of mind and

calmness of motions. “Mind works as a commander and body a soldier.” “When in

motion all of the body moves. When at rest, all of the body rests.” Simple force

is not preferred. Force is like a wheel and waist is its axis. The motions are

continuous as a circle. The breath is deep. Be concentrated, gentle and natural.

Be stable as a mountain when not moving, and be flowing as a river when moving.

The moves are characterized by roundness softness, slowness, stability and

evenness. They are extended but very well coordinated, and all are antithetical

unity of Yin and Yang.