Unit 19 What do you need?

第十九课 你需要什么？

本课重点：进一步学习怎样说需要或不需要什么。

A. Texts & Notes

1. I need some sleep.

弗朗西斯早上刚上班，可却困得很，这时，老板来了……
Boss: Good morning. Francis.
Francis: Good morning. Oh, excuse me.
Boss: Are you tired?
Francis: Yes.
Boss: You look tired.
Francis: I didn't sleep last night.
Boss: You look very tired. Perhaps you need a holiday.
Francis: I don't need a holiday. I need some sleep.
Boss: You're tired and you need a holiday.
Francis: What are those men doing? Why are they taking things away?
Boss: You need some new things for your office, a new desk, some chairs.
Francis: I don't need new desk. This desk ia good enough.
Boss: Well, they're taking it away.
Francis: Hey! I need my glasses.
Boss: Here are your glasses.
Francis: I'm tired, but I don't need a holiday. I need some sleep.

老板：早上好，弗朗西斯。
弗朗西斯：早上好。呵，请原谅。
老板：你累了吗？
弗朗西斯：是的。
老板：你看上去很疲乏。
弗朗西斯：我昨天晚上没睡觉。
老板：你看上去很累了，也许你需要休假了。
弗朗西斯：我不需要休假。我需要睡一会儿觉。
老板：你辛苦了，你需要休假。
弗朗西斯：那些人在干什么？他们干吗把东西搬走？
老板：你的办公室需要一些新家具，一张新的办公桌，几把椅子。
弗朗西斯：我不需要新的办公桌，这张办公桌够好的了。
老板：他们要把这张办公桌搬走。
弗朗西斯：嗨，我要用眼镜呢！
老板：给你眼镜。
弗朗西斯：我累了，可是我不需要休假。我需要睡一会儿睡。

注1. tired（累，疲倦）是形容词，用在系动词后，作表语。
Are you tired?
You look very tired.
too look tired 是看上去很疲倦，显得疲倦的样子。这里的 look 和上一句中的 are 一样，是系动词。tired 说明主语的状况，是表语。系动词一般不重读，但是强调时可以重读，如：I am tired.（我确是累了。）
注2. Perhaps you … 用来婉转地表示建议。前面学过的 Let's … 和 Shell we … ？也是建议，但是建议与对方一起做某事，Perhaps you … 是建议对方自己做某事。
注3. to need 用来表示客观上的需要。如：
You need an umbrella. It's raining. （你得要一把雨伞，下雨了。）
We need some food. We havn't got any. （我们需要一些食物，我们一点也没有了。）
You need another sixpence stamp for this letter. this one isn't enough. （你这封信还需要一张六便士的邮票，这一张不够。）
否定形式：I don't need an umbrella. I've got a raincoat. （我不需要雨伞。我有雨衣。）
疑问形式：Do I need a ticket? （要买票吗？）
简答形式：Yes, I do. 或 No, I don't.

2. What would you like for dinner?

弗朗西斯正在打瞌睡，电话铃把他惊醒了。他接电话。
Francis: Hello, Francis Matthews here.
Mray: Hello, Francis. It's Mary. What would you like for dinner?
Francis: I don't know.
Mray: Would you like fish?
Francis: I don't like so.
Mray: What would you like?
Francis: I'd like chicken. And I'd like potatoes, and some peas and some fruit.
Mray: ( to Jane ) He'd like chcken, pototoes, peas and some fruit. Right. Now Francis, we'll need some wine.
Francis: All right. I'll buy a bottle of wine.
Mray: Thanks, Francis. Goodbye.
Francis: Goodbye, Mary.

弗朗西斯：喂，我是弗朗西斯.麦休斯。
玛丽：喂，弗朗西斯。我是玛丽。晚饭你想吃什么？
弗朗西斯：我不知道。
玛丽：你喜欢吃鱼吗？
弗朗西斯：我不喜欢。
玛丽：你喜欢吃什么呢？
弗朗西斯：我喜欢吃鸡。我还喜欢吃土豆、豌豆、水果。
玛丽：他喜欢吃鸡、土豆、豌豆和水果。行。嗳。弗朗西斯，我们需要些酒。
弗朗西斯：行啊。我买一瓶酒来。
玛丽：谢谢。弗朗西斯，再见。
弗朗西斯：再见。

注4. would like 用于客气地表示需要什么，喜欢要什么的意思（参阅第三课注12）。
What would you like?（您要些什么？或您喜欢些什么？）商店、餐厅等服务人员都可以这样向顾客发问。
I'd like fish, please. （我要鱼。）
Would you like it fried or grilled, madam. （太太，您要炸的不是烤的？）
Would you like any vegetables? （您想要点蔬菜吗？）
对 Would like … ？的回答，可说：No, I wouldn't. 或较委婉地说 I don't think so. 表示不怎么喜欢，不要。
注5. 西方国家请客吃饭，客人学带些花或酒给主人，表示神话礼貌。这里Mray和 Francis是熟悉的朋友，Mary 说 We'll need some wine. 意思就是让Fransic 带酒来。

3. I want a bottle of wine, please.

弗朗西斯来到酒店买酒。
Francis: I want a bottle of wine, please.
Salesman: Red or white wine, sir?
Francis: With chicken. I'd prefer white.
Salesman: Do you want French wine, German or Italian wine?
Francis: French wine, please.
Salesman: This is very good wine, sir.
Francis: Yes, That looks very nice. I'd like two bottles, please.
Salesman: Certainly, sir.
Francis: And I want some flowers. Is there a shop which sells flowers near here?
Salesman: Yes, next to the post office.

弗朗西斯：我要一瓶葡萄酒。
售货员：先生，红葡萄酒还是白葡萄酒？
弗朗西斯：吃鸡，我想还是白葡萄酒好一些。
售货员：你要法国酒、德国酒，还是意大利酒？
弗朗西斯：请拿法国酒。
售货员：这酒非常好，先生。
弗朗西斯：是啊，看上去不错。请给我两瓶。
售货员：好的，先生。
弗朗西斯：我不要买一些花。附近有卖花的店吗？
售货员：有，在邮局旁边。

注6. to want 表示要，直接了当地表示要什么。
I want a chichen, please. （我要一只鸡。）
Do you want a fresh chicken or a frozen one? （你是要鲜鸡还是冻鸡？）
I want some traveler's cheques. （我要一些旅行支票。）
与 need 相比， want 一般表示主观的需要，need 有时也有”必要“的意思。
注7. 西方国家有些饮食习惯，如吃鸡或鱼时，喝白葡萄酒；吃肉时喝红葡萄酒。吃饭时先喝一些酒开胃。可以喝 gin and tonic, 也可以喝 whisky。（ whisky 是威士忌酒，而 whiskey是指爱尔兰或美国的威士忌酒。）酒里还可以加上冰、柠檬、苏打水等。这方面的用语有：
Would you like a drink? （喝点什么吗？）
A whisky, please. （请给一杯威士忌酒。）
Would you like anything in it? （酒里还要加些什么？）
Ice and water, please. （请放些冰和水。）
Whith chicken. I'd prefer white. （吃鸡，我喜欢喝白酒。）
注8. 法国、德国、意大利的葡萄酒在西方比较闻名，补认为是好酒。

B. Exercise

1. 电视节目中有一段是珍妮到商店去买食品，请回答下列问题：
   (1) Which chicken did Jane prefer, a fresh one or frozen one?
   She preferred a frozen one.
   (2) Would she like a small chicken?
   No, she'd like a big one.
   (3) Did she want anything else? What did she want?
   Yes, she wanted some peas, potatoes and fruit.

2.录音带上有四段对话，请看下面加幅图，说出哪幅图是哪段对话的情景。

a) Mr Davis: You look tired, Mary.
Mary: I am tired. Mr Davis. I need a holiday.
b) Clerk: Can help you?
Tourist: I want a map of London, please.
Clert: Here's one.
Tourist: Oh, have you got a bigger one?
Clert: Of coures, sir.
C) （ see 3）
d) （ see 4）

3. 电视节目和录音带中有一段是一位旅行者在银行里，这段对话如下，请填空：
   Clerk: Can I help you, sir?
   Traveller: Yes, please. I want some . May I have £200 , please?
   Clerk: Certainly, sir. Oh, I need you .
   Traveller: .
   Clerk: Thank you.

4. 电视节目和录音带中有一位妇女在餐馆点菜，这段对话如下，请填空：
   Woman: I'd like , please.
   Waiter: Woudl you like it or , madam?
   Woman: , please.
   Waiter: Would you like any , madam? any ?
   Woman: No, I don't want any , Thank you. But I'd like .

5. 将 some 和 any 填入下列各句：
   (1) I need new chairs.
   (2) He doesn't want money.
   (3) I'd like fruit.
   (4) Does he want vegetables?
   (5) She needs sleep. She's tired.
   (6) Would you like potatoes.

6. 假设你要请客，到商店里去买鸡、鱼、鸡蛋、蔬菜和水果，你该怎样向售货员说明？
   A: I want chicken, please.
   B: Certainly. Would you like a big one or a small one.
   A: I'd like big one, please. And I want some fish too.
   B: Is this one all right?
   A: Yes, And some eggs, vegetables and fruit, please.
   B: Yes, madam. Here you are.
   A: Thank you.

7. 下图是 Francis 的办公室, 这里还需要这些东西：books, new chairs, desk, lamp, telephone。请填空：

   

   Francis will a .
   He'll some and some .
   He'll a and perhaps another .

C. Summary

1. 说法与用法

(1) 表示需要、有必要，用 to need :
Do you need a holiday?
I need some sleep.
(2) 客气地表示需要、喜爱， 用 would like:
What would you like?
I'd like some fish.
(3) 表示要求、需要，用 to want:
I want a bottle of wine, please.
Do you want French or Italian wine?
(4) 委婉地建议对方，用 perhaps you…:
Perhaps you need a holiday.

2. 语法

(1) 表语是用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态的，它的位置在系动词后。
I was out yesterday. （我昨天出去了。这里的 out 表语，说明主语 I 的状态。)
I am tired. （tired 是表语，说明 I 的状态、特征。）
(2) 除动词 to be 的各种形式作为系动词外，有的动词如 look, feel（感觉）, become（变成）等，有进也用作系动词。如：You look tired. 这里的 tited 是说明 you 的特征、状态的，是表语。因而， look 是系动词。又如：
I feel tired. （我感到累了。）
He looked very unhappy. （他显得很不高兴。）
I become quite angry. （我变得相当气愤了。）

I need my glasses.
I don't need a holiday.
What would you like?
I'd like chicken.
Do you want a small one?
I don't want a small one.
I want a big one.

D. Words & Expressions

附：Follow me （欧洲版教材）

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附2: UNIT 19 What do you need?