nginx的location指令(实战示例、匹配顺序、匹配冲突)
1. 对url的匹配
1.1 默认匹配
- 语法示例
location /crow/ {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
1.2 精确匹配( = )
- 语法示例
location = /crow/ {
return 501 "精确匹配/n";
}
1.3 正则,区分大小写 ( ~ )
- 语法示例
location ~ /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,区分大小写/n";
}
1.4 正则表达式,不区分大小写 ( ~* )
- 语法示例
location ~* /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,不区分大小写/n";
}
2. 匹配顺序
- 精确匹配(
=
) - 字串匹配(
^~
) - 正则匹配(
~
、~*
) - 默认匹配(
)
2.1 示例(精确匹配最高)
- 配置文件内容:
server {
listen 1840;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
location / {
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
location /crow/ {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
location = /crow/test.md {
return 501 "精确匹配/n";
}
location ~ /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,区分大小写/n";
}
location ~* /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,不区分大小写/n";
}
location ^~ /crow/test.md {
return 501 "字串匹配/n";
}
}
- 访问测试
[root@liubei nginx-crow-test]# curl http://localhost:1840/crow/test.md
精确匹配
可见精确匹配被匹配到。
下边我们去掉精确匹配:
2.2 示例(字串匹配次之)
- 配置文件内容:
server {
listen 1840;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
location / {
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
location /crow/ {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
#location = /crow/test.md {
# return 501 "精确匹配/n";
#}
location ~ /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,区分大小写/n";
}
location ~* /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,不区分大小写/n";
}
location ^~ /crow/test.md {
return 501 "字串匹配/n";
}
}
- 访问测试
如下可见,还剩
字串匹配
、正则匹配
、通用匹配
,结果匹配到了字串匹配
。
[root@liubei nginx-crow-test]# curl http://localhost:1840/crow/test.md
字串匹配
2.3 示例(正则匹间配高于通用匹配)
- 配置文件
server {
listen 1840;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
location / {
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
location /crow/ {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
#location = /crow/test.md {
# return 501 "精确匹配/n";
#}
location ~ /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,区分大小写/n";
}
location ~* /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,不区分大小写/n";
}
#location ^~ /crow/test.md {
# return 501 "字串匹配/n";
#}
}
- 访问测试
[root@liubei nginx-crow-test]# curl http://localhost:1840/crow/test.md
正则表达式,区分大小写
2.4 示例(正则表达式间前边的为准)
上例中我们看到:
~
在前边,因此先匹配了~
。如果我们把~
和~*
换个位置
- 配置文件
server {
listen 1840;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
location / {
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
location /crow/ {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
location ~* /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,不区分大小写/n";
}
location ~ /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,区分大小写/n";
}
}
- 访问测试
[root@liubei nginx-crow-test]# curl http://localhost:1840/crow/test.md
正则表达式,不区分大小写
2.5 示例(通用匹配兜底)
- 配置文件
我们还是将所有匹配都写上
server {
listen 1840;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
location / {
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
location /crow/ {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
location = /crow/test.md {
return 501 "精确匹配/n";
}
location ~ /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,区分大小写/n";
}
location ~* /crow/.*/.md {
return 501 "正则表达式,不区分大小写/n";
}
location ^~ /crow/test.md {
return 501 "字串匹配/n";
}
}
- 访问测试
[root@liubei nginx-crow-test]# curl http://localhost:1840/crow/test.txt
通用匹配
3. 匹配间的冲突
3.1 通用匹配 VS 字串匹配
通用匹配
和字串匹配
相同时,启动报错
- 配置文件
location /crow/test.md {
return 501 "通用匹配/n";
}
location ^~ /crow/test.md {
return 501 "字串匹配/n";
}
- 启动报错如下:
nginx-crow-test | nginx: [emerg] duplicate location "/crow/test.md" in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:45
3.2 暂时没有发现 🙂
3.1 很孤独,我又暂时没有发现 3.2 ,留个位置,欢迎大家补充。
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