2022年高考英语浙江卷 – 阅读理解C

Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation also gets results on the job.
许多人认为最大限度地工作是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度工作也能有所成就。

In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist.
在哈佛大学的埃伦·兰格领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构语言。与那些广泛练习或根本不练习的人相比，事先适度练习语言的受试者犯的错误更少。高水平的知识会让人们过于执着于传统的看待艺术、科学和政治领域问题的方式。高度的责任感与较低的工作表现有关，尤其是在那些完美主义者没有报酬的简单工作中。

How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer", says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
在许多工作场所，我们会呆多久，以及如何度过这段时间，都受到了仔细的检查。在办公桌旁吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为一个积极进取的人，而在轻松的会议室用餐时聊天的同事们则会从角落的办公室里得到鄙夷的目光。得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校心理学教授阿特·马克曼说：“来自比我们更重视人际关系的文化的人一想到独自在电脑前吃饭就会感到震惊。”社交已被证明可以提升情绪，让人们朝着新的方向思考，并有助于改善午餐后的工作。

Markman also promotes off-task time. "Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work," he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
马克曼还提倡及时下班。他说：“成为一个好的思想者的一部分是经历一些与你目前正在做的事情似乎无关的事情，但会给你的工作带来新的想法。此外，大量研究表明，积极的情绪会提高生产力和创造力。因此，当人们做一些事情来提高生活满意度时，他们也会让自己在工作中更有效率。”