Notes on English Grammar: Numerals

1. 基数词 (Cardinal numerals)

0 nought 14 fourteen 28 twenty-eight
1 one 15 fifteen 29 twenty-nine
2 two 16 sixteen 30 thirty
3 three 17 seventeen 40 forty
4 four 18 eighteen 50 fifty
5 five 19 nineteen 60 sixty
6 six 20 twenty 70 seventy
7 seven 21 twenty-one 80 eighty
8 eight 22 twenty-two 90 ninety
9 nine 23 tweinty-three 100 a hundred
10 ten 24 twenty-four 200 two hundred
11 eleven 25 twenty-five 1,000 ten-hundred
12 twelve 26 twenty-six 100,000 a hundred thousand
13 thirteen 27 twenty-seven 1,000,000 a million

120 读成 a hundred and twenty;1,120 读成 one thousand, one hundred and twenty。

注意:

(1) 基本数字的读法
① 百位以内的基数词读one, two,three, four……,两位数字如23,读作twenty-three,100以内的数字都是类似的表达;
② 3-4位的数字,英语中有“百”和“千”的计数单位,所以直接用数字+计数单位+数字就可以。比如:105 读作 one hundred (and) five;245 读作 two hundred (and) forty-five;3,286 读作 three thousand two hundred (and) eighty-six。注意英式英语中,hundred后面的数字要加and,但美式英语却不用。 四位数字也可以读作thirty-two,eighty-six,也就是说两个两个的读出来;
③5-6位的数字:5位以上的数字,看“逗号”,3个数字1个逗号,即三位一节,把三位看成一个整体,后面再加一个单位。5位的数字在汉语中可以用“万”来表示,6位即是“十万”,在英语中却没有相应的单位词。需要换算一下,“万” = “十个千”= ten thousand,“十万” = “百个千” = a/one hundredthousand,例如:12,345: twelvethousand three hundred (and) forty-five,325,189: three hundred(and) twenty-five thousand and one hundred (and) eighty-nine;
④ 7位以上的数字:7位数在汉语中是 “百万”,在英语中有相应的基数词million。但汉语中的“千万”和“亿”在英语中没有相应的基数词。也需要换算一下:“千万”=“十个百万”= ten million,“亿”=“百个百万”= a/one hundred million,例如:3, 584, 657读作three million,five hundred (and) eighty-four thousand, six hundred (and) fifty-seven,11,040,006读作eleven million(and) forty thousand (and) six,226,512,718读作two hundred andtwenty-six million, five hundred and twelve thousand, seven hundred andeighteen。十位数的数字,也就是汉语中的“十亿”= billion,例如:3,422,742,520读作three billion, four hundred twenty-two million, seven hundred forty-two thousand five hundred twenty。“百亿”、“千亿”依次类推。百亿=10,000,000,000:tenbillion,千亿=100,000,000,000:a/onehundred billion。
(2)小数读法
英语中的小数点,读作point。小数点后若是两位以上的数字,则分别读出。例如:1.3读作one point three,22.37读作 twenty-two point threeseven。
(3)分数的读法
分数中分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。先读分子,后读分母。分子为1时,口语中用“a”代替“one”,当分子大于1时,分母要加“s”。例如:1/3读作 a/one third,1/8读作 an/one eighth,1/4读作 a/one quarter(fourth),3/5读作 three fifths。分数较为复杂可以用 over来表示,例如:317/509: three hundredand seventeen over five hundred andnine。在英语中,24/7 有个固定表达,意思是一天24小时,一周7天,全天候提供服务的意思,也写作7*24,当作为固定用法是,24/7的读法是 twenty-four,seven。
(4) 负数的读法
minus -(负) ,minus one( -1)。
(5)电话号码的读法
①按照顺序读;
②遇到相同的两位数或三位数时,可用double 或 triple,例如:22可读作double two,777可读作 triple seven。末尾出现三个零,可以按 “千”来发音,9796000,读作nine seven ninesix thousand;
③ 0 可以读为zero,也可以读作字母O(ou)或nought[nɔːt] 。在TOEFL考试中,“0”常念作“zero”,在IELTS考试中“0”常念作“nought”;
④ 停顿。国家代码和地区代码停顿一下——七位数前三位为一组,后四位为一组;八位数四位一组,中间停顿一下。例如:86,10,8765,4321 读作 eight six, onezero, eight seven six five, four three two one(逗号表示停顿)。
(6) 度量单位或重量单位的读法
常见的度量单位如100mph,这里mph是缩写,全文是miles per hour即每小时所运行英里。读此类数字的时候直接读出数字,后面读出mph的全文即可。重量单位以此类推,例如:152mph读作 One hundred fifty two miles per hour,40km读作 forty kilograms。
(7) 注意点
①英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and”,但美式英语中则不用。
②不定冠词“a”只在数的开头,才和hundred、thousand等连用。例如:123读作a hundred (and)twenty-three,2,123读作two thousand, one hundred(and) twenty-three。
③ 1,000这个整数我们说a thousand。在and前,我们也说a thousand。但在一个有百位数的数前,就得说one thousand。例如:1,091读作a thousand,(and)ninety-one,1,260读作one thousand, two hundred(and) sixty。
④我们常常说eleven hundred(1,100),twelve hundred(1,200)。而不说one thousand and one hundred。从1,100到1,900之间的整数,这种说法最常见。

2. 序数词 (Ordinal numerals)

1st first 13th thirteenth 30th thirtieth
2nd second 14th fourteenth 40th fortieth
3rd third 15th fifteenth 50th fiftieth
4th fourth 16th sixteenth 60th sixtieth
5th fifth 17th seventeenth 70th seventieth
6th sixth 18th eighteenth 80th eightieth
7th seventh 19th nineteenth 90th ninetieth
8th eighth 20th twentieth 100th (one) hundredth
9th ninth 21st twenty-first 1,000th (one)thousandth
10th tenth 22nd twenty-secend 10,000th ten thousandth
11th eleventh 23rd twenty-third 100,000th (one) hundred thousandth
12th twelveth 24th twenty-fourth 1,000,000th (one)millionth

101st 读成 (0ne) hundred and first;1,001st 读成 (one) thousand and first。

注意:

1st-3rd:first,second,third;
4th-19th:数词+th;
21st-29th:twenty后+末位的序数词;
20th-90th的十位序数词,由数词去y,+ieth构成。

3.时刻

(1) 询问时刻

What time is it? (现在什么时候了?)
What's the time? (现在什么时候了?)
What time do you make it? (<口> 你估计现在几点钟了?)
Have you got the right time? (你知道现在的确切时间吗?)

(2) 时刻的表示法

写法 读法
3.00;3:00 It's the three o'clock.
3.30;3:30 It's half past ttree.
3.15;3:15 It's (a) quarter past three.
3.05;3:05 It's five past three.
3.10;3:10 It's ten past three.
3.20;3:20 It's twenty past three.
3.25;3:25 It's twenty-five past three.
3.03;3:03 It's three minutes past three.
3.09;3:09 It's nine minutes past three.
3.21;3:21 It's twenty-one minutes past three.
3.45;3:45 It's (a) quarter to four.
3.55;3:55 It's five to four.
3.50;3:50 It's ten to four.
3.40;3:40 It's twenty to four.
3.35;3:35 It's twenty-five to four.
3.58;3.:58 It's two minutes to four.
3.49;3:49 It's eleven minutes to four.
3.31;3:31 It's twenty-nine minutes to four.

3.58也可以说成 It's nearly four O'clock;4.02可以说成 It's just gone four o'clock.

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