Notes on English Grammar: Numerals
1. 基数词 (Cardinal numerals)
0 | nought | 14 | fourteen | 28 | twenty-eight |
1 | one | 15 | fifteen | 29 | twenty-nine |
2 | two | 16 | sixteen | 30 | thirty |
3 | three | 17 | seventeen | 40 | forty |
4 | four | 18 | eighteen | 50 | fifty |
5 | five | 19 | nineteen | 60 | sixty |
6 | six | 20 | twenty | 70 | seventy |
7 | seven | 21 | twenty-one | 80 | eighty |
8 | eight | 22 | twenty-two | 90 | ninety |
9 | nine | 23 | tweinty-three | 100 | a hundred |
10 | ten | 24 | twenty-four | 200 | two hundred |
11 | eleven | 25 | twenty-five | 1,000 | ten-hundred |
12 | twelve | 26 | twenty-six | 100,000 | a hundred thousand |
13 | thirteen | 27 | twenty-seven | 1,000,000 | a million |
☆120 读成 a hundred and twenty;1,120 读成 one thousand, one hundred and twenty。
注意:
(1) 基本数字的读法
① 百位以内的基数词读one, two,three, four……,两位数字如23,读作twenty-three,100以内的数字都是类似的表达;
② 3-4位的数字,英语中有“百”和“千”的计数单位,所以直接用数字+计数单位+数字就可以。比如:105 读作 one hundred (and) five;245 读作 two hundred (and) forty-five;3,286 读作 three thousand two hundred (and) eighty-six。注意英式英语中,hundred后面的数字要加and,但美式英语却不用。 四位数字也可以读作thirty-two,eighty-six,也就是说两个两个的读出来;
③5-6位的数字:5位以上的数字,看“逗号”,3个数字1个逗号,即三位一节,把三位看成一个整体,后面再加一个单位。5位的数字在汉语中可以用“万”来表示,6位即是“十万”,在英语中却没有相应的单位词。需要换算一下,“万” = “十个千”= ten thousand,“十万” = “百个千” = a/one hundredthousand,例如:12,345: twelvethousand three hundred (and) forty-five,325,189: three hundred(and) twenty-five thousand and one hundred (and) eighty-nine;
④ 7位以上的数字:7位数在汉语中是 “百万”,在英语中有相应的基数词million。但汉语中的“千万”和“亿”在英语中没有相应的基数词。也需要换算一下:“千万”=“十个百万”= ten million,“亿”=“百个百万”= a/one hundred million,例如:3, 584, 657读作three million,five hundred (and) eighty-four thousand, six hundred (and) fifty-seven,11,040,006读作eleven million(and) forty thousand (and) six,226,512,718读作two hundred andtwenty-six million, five hundred and twelve thousand, seven hundred andeighteen。十位数的数字,也就是汉语中的“十亿”= billion,例如:3,422,742,520读作three billion, four hundred twenty-two million, seven hundred forty-two thousand five hundred twenty。“百亿”、“千亿”依次类推。百亿=10,000,000,000:tenbillion,千亿=100,000,000,000:a/onehundred billion。
(2)小数读法
英语中的小数点,读作point。小数点后若是两位以上的数字,则分别读出。例如:1.3读作one point three,22.37读作 twenty-two point threeseven。
(3)分数的读法
分数中分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。先读分子,后读分母。分子为1时,口语中用“a”代替“one”,当分子大于1时,分母要加“s”。例如:1/3读作 a/one third,1/8读作 an/one eighth,1/4读作 a/one quarter(fourth),3/5读作 three fifths。分数较为复杂可以用 over来表示,例如:317/509: three hundredand seventeen over five hundred andnine。在英语中,24/7 有个固定表达,意思是一天24小时,一周7天,全天候提供服务的意思,也写作7*24,当作为固定用法是,24/7的读法是 twenty-four,seven。
(4) 负数的读法
minus -(负) ,minus one( -1)。
(5)电话号码的读法
①按照顺序读;
②遇到相同的两位数或三位数时,可用double 或 triple,例如:22可读作double two,777可读作 triple seven。末尾出现三个零,可以按 “千”来发音,9796000,读作nine seven ninesix thousand;
③ 0 可以读为zero,也可以读作字母O(ou)或nought[nɔːt] 。在TOEFL考试中,“0”常念作“zero”,在IELTS考试中“0”常念作“nought”;
④ 停顿。国家代码和地区代码停顿一下——七位数前三位为一组,后四位为一组;八位数四位一组,中间停顿一下。例如:86,10,8765,4321 读作 eight six, onezero, eight seven six five, four three two one(逗号表示停顿)。
(6) 度量单位或重量单位的读法
常见的度量单位如100mph,这里mph是缩写,全文是miles per hour即每小时所运行英里。读此类数字的时候直接读出数字,后面读出mph的全文即可。重量单位以此类推,例如:152mph读作 One hundred fifty two miles per hour,40km读作 forty kilograms。
(7) 注意点
①英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and”,但美式英语中则不用。
②不定冠词“a”只在数的开头,才和hundred、thousand等连用。例如:123读作a hundred (and)twenty-three,2,123读作two thousand, one hundred(and) twenty-three。
③ 1,000这个整数我们说a thousand。在and前,我们也说a thousand。但在一个有百位数的数前,就得说one thousand。例如:1,091读作a thousand,(and)ninety-one,1,260读作one thousand, two hundred(and) sixty。
④我们常常说eleven hundred(1,100),twelve hundred(1,200)。而不说one thousand and one hundred。从1,100到1,900之间的整数,这种说法最常见。
2. 序数词 (Ordinal numerals)
1st | first | 13th | thirteenth | 30th | thirtieth |
2nd | second | 14th | fourteenth | 40th | fortieth |
3rd | third | 15th | fifteenth | 50th | fiftieth |
4th | fourth | 16th | sixteenth | 60th | sixtieth |
5th | fifth | 17th | seventeenth | 70th | seventieth |
6th | sixth | 18th | eighteenth | 80th | eightieth |
7th | seventh | 19th | nineteenth | 90th | ninetieth |
8th | eighth | 20th | twentieth | 100th | (one) hundredth |
9th | ninth | 21st | twenty-first | 1,000th | (one)thousandth |
10th | tenth | 22nd | twenty-secend | 10,000th | ten thousandth |
11th | eleventh | 23rd | twenty-third | 100,000th | (one) hundred thousandth |
12th | twelveth | 24th | twenty-fourth | 1,000,000th | (one)millionth |
☆101st 读成 (0ne) hundred and first;1,001st 读成 (one) thousand and first。
注意:
1st-3rd:first,second,third;
4th-19th:数词+th;
21st-29th:twenty后+末位的序数词;
20th-90th的十位序数词,由数词去y,+ieth构成。
3.时刻
(1) 询问时刻
What time is it? (现在什么时候了?)
What's the time? (现在什么时候了?)
What time do you make it? (<口> 你估计现在几点钟了?)
Have you got the right time? (你知道现在的确切时间吗?)
(2) 时刻的表示法
写法 | 读法 |
---|---|
3.00;3:00 | It's the three o'clock. |
3.30;3:30 | It's half past ttree. |
3.15;3:15 | It's (a) quarter past three. |
3.05;3:05 | It's five past three. |
3.10;3:10 | It's ten past three. |
3.20;3:20 | It's twenty past three. |
3.25;3:25 | It's twenty-five past three. |
3.03;3:03 | It's three minutes past three. |
3.09;3:09 | It's nine minutes past three. |
3.21;3:21 | It's twenty-one minutes past three. |
3.45;3:45 | It's (a) quarter to four. |
3.55;3:55 | It's five to four. |
3.50;3:50 | It's ten to four. |
3.40;3:40 | It's twenty to four. |
3.35;3:35 | It's twenty-five to four. |
3.58;3.:58 | It's two minutes to four. |
3.49;3:49 | It's eleven minutes to four. |
3.31;3:31 | It's twenty-nine minutes to four. |
☆ 3.58也可以说成 It's nearly four O'clock;4.02可以说成 It's just gone four o'clock.
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